BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS ON PARENTING STYLES AND ADOLESCENTS’ HAPPINESS

The last decade has witnessed unprecedented attention to a comprehensive agenda for adolescent health, an agenda that takes a holistic and multidimensional approach to promoting and addressing the health and well-being of adolescents [1Global strategy for Women's, children's and adolescents' health (2016–2030). Every Woman Every Child, N Y2015Google Scholar, 2Patton G.C. Sawyer S.M. Santelli J.S. et al.Our future: A Lancet commission on adolescent health and wellbeing.Lancet. 2016; 387: 2423-2478Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Google Scholar, 3World Health OrganizationAccelerated action for the health of adolescents (AA-HA!): Guidance for country implementation.2nd ed. World Health Organization, Geneva2017Google Scholar, 4Bundy D.A.P. Silva N. Horton S. et al.Child and adolescent health and development: Realizing neglected potential.in: Bundy D.A.P. Silva N.D. Horton S. Jamison D.T. Patton G.C. Adolescent Health and Development. 3rd ed. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, The World Bank, Washington (DC)2017Crossref Google Scholar, 5Adolescents: The missing population in universal health coverage. World Health Organization, Geneva2019https://plan-uk.org/file/plan-adolescent-health-reportpdf/download?token=VVsY-cTpDate accessed: May 6, 2023Google Scholar, 6Political declaration of the high-level meeting on universal health coverage "universal health coverage: Moving together to build a healthier world". United Nations, New York2019https://www.un.org/pga/73/wp-content/uploads/sites/53/2019/07/FINAL-draft-UHC-Political-Declaration.pdfDate accessed: May 6, 2023Google Scholar, 7Clark H. Coll-Seck A.M. Banerjee A. et al.A future for the world's children? A WHO–UNICEF–Lancet commission.Lancet. 2020; 395: 605-658Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (0) Google Scholar, 8Ross D.A. Hinton R. Melles-Brewer M. et al.Adolescent well-being: A definition and conceptual framework.J Adolesc Health. 2020; 67: 472Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (109) Google Scholar, 9Making every school a health-promoting school: Global standards and indicators. World Health Organization and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Geneva and Paris2021https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/341907Date accessed: May 6, 2023Google Scholar]. At the global level, building on successes in advancing sexual and reproductive health, adolescent health and well-being have been gradually reframed toward a more comprehensive approach including HIV and other infectious diseases, unintentional injuries, violence, communicable and noncommunicable diseases, mental health, and key risk factors, such as alcohol and drug use, tobacco use, sedentary behaviors, and poor nutrition, as well as protective factors such as education and connectedness (Table 1) [1Global strategy for Women's, children's and adolescents' health (2016–2030). Every Woman Every Child, N Y2015Google Scholar,2Patton G.C. Sawyer S.M. Santelli J.S. et al.Our future: A Lancet commission on adolescent health and wellbeing.Lancet. 2016; 387: 2423-2478Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Google Scholar]. Crucial for this reframing was generating strong data showing the breadth of public health concerns for adolescent health and well-being.Table 1Selected milestones in advancing the comprehensive agenda for adolescent health and well-beingEventThe role in promoting a comprehensive agenda for adolescent health and well-being2015 – Global Strategy for Women's, Children's, and Adolescents' Health (2016–2030)Includes adolescent health as a new strategic area and provides a roadmap that is comprehensive not only across health priorities but also across SGDs and political, social, economic, and environmental determinants of health and sustainable development [1Global strategy for Women's, children's and adolescents' health (2016–2030). Every Woman Every Child, N Y2015Google Scholar].2016 – Our future: a Lancet commission on adolescent health and well-beingShows great variations in adolescent health profiles between countries and within nation states, and calls for reframing adolescent health and well-being to include a broader vision of adolescent health inclusive of issues beyond sexual and reproductive health [2Patton G.C. Sawyer S.M. Santelli J.S. et al.Our future: A Lancet commission on adolescent health and wellbeing.Lancet. 2016; 387: 2423-2478Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Google Scholar].2017 – Accelerated Action for the Health of Adolescents: guidance for country implementationIn support of the implementation of the Global Strategy for Women's, Children's, and Adolescents' Health, calls for investing in comprehensive adolescent health programmes informed by national priorities. Following its publication and support by WHO and other UN partners, many countries have used the guidance to develop or update comprehensive strategies and plans for adolescent health and well-being [3World Health OrganizationAccelerated action for the health of adolescents (AA-HA!): Guidance for country implementation.2nd ed. World Health Organization, Geneva2017Google Scholar].2017 – The investment case in a comprehensive package of services in adolescence in the 3rd edition of the Child and Adolescent Health and DevelopmentBrings new insights into the benefits of investing in a comprehensive package of services for adolescent health and well-being, with a strong focus on return on investment from school health interventions [4Bundy D.A.P. Silva N. Horton S. et al.Child and adolescent health and development: Realizing neglected potential.in: Bundy D.A.P. Silva N.D. Horton S. Jamison D.T. Patton G.C. Adolescent Health and Development. 3rd ed. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, The World Bank, Washington (DC)2017Crossref Google Scholar].2019 – Political declaration on Universal Health CoverageAdolescents took the spotlight in the lead-up to the United Nations High-level Meeting on Universal Health Coverage in 2019 [5Adolescents: The missing population in universal health coverage. World Health Organization, Geneva2019https://plan-uk.org/file/plan-adolescent-health-reportpdf/download?token=VVsY-cTpDate accessed: May 6, 2023Google Scholar]. The resulting political declaration stressed the need comprehensively address a broad range of health problems and their social, economic, and environmental and other determinants of health by working across all sectors [6Political declaration of the high-level meeting on universal health coverage "universal health coverage: Moving together to build a healthier world". United Nations, New York2019https://www.un.org/pga/73/wp-content/uploads/sites/53/2019/07/FINAL-draft-UHC-Political-Declaration.pdfDate accessed: May 6, 2023Google Scholar].2020 – The COVID-19 pandemicBrought to the spotlight the need to have a holistic response to the pandemic that considers the totality of adolescents needs such as access to services related to physical activity, nutrition, mental health, sexual and reproductive health, child protection, water, sanitation and hygiene, and other services [12World Health OrganizationAccelerated action for the health of adolescents (AA-HA!): Guidance for country implementation.2nd ed. World Health Organization, Geneva2023https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/373300/9789240081765-eng.pdf?sequence=1Date accessed: January 2, 2024Google Scholar].2020 – A future for the world's children? A WHO–UNICEF–Lancet CommissionCalls for a comprehensive narrative that places children's and adolescent's health and well-being at the center of the sustainable development goals and the notion of sustainability, and recommends reconfiguring the global, national, and subnational governance to provide strong multisectoral solutions [7Clark H. Coll-Seck A.M. Banerjee A. et al.A future for the world's children? A WHO–UNICEF–Lancet commission.Lancet. 2020; 395: 605-658Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (0) Google Scholar].2020 – UN H6+ agencies' Adolescent Well-being InitiativeProposes a consensus conceptual framework for adolescent well-being that consists of five interrelated domains 1) good health and optimal nutrition; 2) connectedness, positive values, and contribution to society; 3) safety and a supportive environment; 4) learning, competence, education, skills, and employability; and 5) agency and resilience [8Ross D.A. Hinton R. Melles-Brewer M. et al.Adolescent well-being: A definition and conceptual framework.J Adolesc Health. 2020; 67: 472Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (109) Google Scholar].2021 – WHO, UNESCO, and UNICEF initiative Making Every School a Health Promoting SchoolCalls to put learners' health and well-being at the core of the education agenda by investing in health-promoting education systems, and publishes global guidance to inform a new generation of comprehensive school health programmes [9Making every school a health-promoting school: Global standards and indicators. World Health Organization and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Geneva and Paris2021https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/341907Date accessed: May 6, 2023Google Scholar,10Making every school a health-promoting school: implementation guidance. World Health Organization, Geneva2021https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/341908Date accessed: May 6, 2023Google Scholar].2022 – The Lancet Series Optimising Child and Adolescent Health and DevelopmentProvides evidence of the effectiveness of a comprehensive intervention package for adolescents across a range of priorities and delivery platforms, and provides evidence that school health programmes are particularly well placed to promote, prevent, and address issues related to nutritional problems, anemia, vision and dental problems, mental health (including anxiety and depression), and learning disabilities [11Vaivada T. Lassi Z.S. Irfan O. et al.What can work and how? An overview of evidence-based interventions and delivery strategies to support health and human development from before conception to 20 years.Lancet. 2022; 399: 1810-1829Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (30) Google Scholar].2023 – The second edition of the Accelerated Action for the Health of Adolescents: guidance for country implementationThe case for investing in comprehensive adolescent health programmes informed by national priorities is made stronger by articulating how a more holistic understanding of adolescent well-being, based on the adolescent well-being framework, can inform a new generation of programmes [12World Health OrganizationAccelerated action for the health of adolescents (AA-HA!): Guidance for country implementation.2nd ed. World Health Organization, Geneva2023https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/373300/9789240081765-eng.pdf?sequence=1Date accessed: January 2, 2024Google Scholar]. Open table in a new tab Countries' response has followed. In 2023, 96 countries reported having an adolescent health programme. By the end of 2022, most countries in the WHO African region, the Americas region, the South-East Asia region, and selected countries in the Eastern Mediterranean and Western Pacific regions have used the Accelerated Action for the Health of Adolescents (AA-HA)! guidance to develop or update comprehensive adolescent health strategies and plans [12World Health OrganizationAccelerated action for the health of adolescents (AA-HA!): Guidance for country implementation.2nd ed. World Health Organization, Geneva2023https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/373300/9789240081765-eng.pdf?sequence=1Date accessed: January 2, 2024Google Scholar]. Informed by the AA-HA! guidance, regional initiatives and political commitments were made, such as the Adolescent Health Flagship Programme for Africa, the Plan of Action for Women's, Children's, and Adolescents' Health 2018–2030 of the Pan American Health Organization, the Regional Framework of Joint Strategic Actions for Young People of the Eastern Mediterranean Region, and the European Region adaptation of AA-HA! [12World Health OrganizationAccelerated action for the health of adolescents (AA-HA!): Guidance for country implementation.2nd ed. World Health Organization, Geneva2023https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/373300/9789240081765-eng.pdf?sequence=1Date accessed: January 2, 2024Google Scholar]. However, much more needs to be done to close the gap in providing effective coverage with critical interventions for adolescent health and well-being [2Patton G.C. Sawyer S.M. Santelli J.S. et al.Our future: A Lancet commission on adolescent health and wellbeing.Lancet. 2016; 387: 2423-2478Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Google Scholar]. Moving forward requires the ongoing monitoring of progress and accountability to implement this comprehensive agenda. In this context, the consensus list of priority indicators for adolescent health measurement recommended by the Global Action for the Measurement of Adolescent Health Advisory Group comes at the right time. The list redefines how to measure and learn about adolescent health and makes an important contribution to the WHO' and partners' vision for adolescent-responsive health and social systems, and health-promoting education systems, through comprehensive approaches. First, the indicators recommend that adolescent health be measured in a comprehensive way—acknowledging not only all the important causes of adolescent ill health but also their social and other determinants. Although similar attempts were made earlier for global monitoring [2Patton G.C. Sawyer S.M. Santelli J.S. et al.Our future: A Lancet commission on adolescent health and wellbeing.Lancet. 2016; 387: 2423-2478Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Google Scholar], a study of 16 global and regional initiatives including adolescent health indicators found that some areas such as interpersonal violence, HIV/AIDS, and adolescent sexual and reproductive health were commonly addressed, while others such as anxiety disorders were commonly neglected [14Newby H. Marsh A.D. Moller A.B. et al.A scoping review of adolescent health indicators.J Adolesc Health. 2021; 69: 365-374Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (20) Google Scholar]. Second, the list includes measures of systems' performance. It fills an important gap where measurement of policies and systems has long lagged behind health outcomes and conditions or even health behaviors and risks [13World health Organization. Maternal, Newborn, Child and adolescent health and ageing data portal.https://platform.who.int/data/maternal-newborn-child-adolescent-ageing/indicator-explorer-new/MCA/national-adolescent-health-programmeDate accessed: June 30, 2023Google Scholar]. Such accountability is essential to redress the current situation when the quality of services for adolescents is substandard across both health and social systems [15Kruk M.E. Lewis T.P. Arsenault C. et al.Improving health and social systems for all children in LMICs: Structural innovations to deliver high-quality services.Lancet. 2022; 399: 1830-1844Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (31) Google Scholar]. Third, the list extends the accountability for adolescent health beyond the health sector. With the unprecedented attention that school health has recently received [9Making every school a health-promoting school: Global standards and indicators. World Health Organization and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Geneva and Paris2021https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/341907Date accessed: May 6, 2023Google Scholar,16Baltag V. Sidaner E. Bundy D. et al.Realising the potential of schools to improve adolescent nutrition.BMJ. 2022; 379e067678PubMed Google Scholar], underpinned by an increased understanding of the need to embed healthy development and nutrition within education systems, measuring the proportion of schools that offer comprehensive school health services and life skills-based HIV and sexuality education will provide valuable data to accelerate the WHO/UNESCO/UNICEF vision Make Every School a Health Promoting School. Finally, the recommended approach embraces measures of well-being related to education, connectedness, agency, and a safe and supportive environment, and ongoing work by WHO and partners will further this work in the next years to a more granular way of understanding and measuring adolescent well-being [17Newby H. Hagell A. Marsh A.D. Guthold R. UN H6+ Adolescent Wellbeing Measurement Writing GroupOpportunities to advance measurement of adolescent wellbeing: Building on a new conceptual framework.BMJ. 2022; 379e068955PubMed Google Scholar]. The time is right. The second edition of the AA-HA! guidance that integrates the work by the Global Action for the Measurement of Adolescent Health group is being published in 2023, the year when the largest-ever gathering for adolescent well-being, the Global Forum for Adolescents, is taking place. This is a unique opportunity to celebrate success and inspire adolescents and the global community to advocate society's support for a successful transition from adolescence to adulthood. At the same time, it is important to ensure continued momentum, beyond the Global Forum for Adolescents '23, to sustain commitments to resource mobilization and joint efforts by all stakeholders to increase political and financial investments in adolescent health and well-being. The United Nations partners involved in advancing the vision for adolescent-responsive health and social systems, and health-promoting education systems through comprehensive approaches, stand ready to support sustained attention to adolescent health and well-being in national and global policies and to provide technical assistance as countries act to accelerate action for the new generation of adolescent health and well-being programmes. © World Health Organization [year]. Licensee JAH. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution N-Noncommercial IGO License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction for non-commercial purposes in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. In any reproduction of this article there should not be any suggestion that WHO or this article endorse any specific organization or products. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. The authors wish to thank Andrew Marsh for his suggestions in reviewing this manuscript.

Background: Adolescence is an important time for managing the demanding developmental responsibilities of identity development and exploration. A multidimensional framework related to the nature of identity development and the personality structure is used to describe the processes that contribute to enhancing the mental health of adolescents. The present study aimed to examine the association of identity development with personality traits and psychological well-being in adolescents. Furthermore, this study investigated the potential mediation pathways among identity development, personality traits, and psychological well-being in adolescents. Methods: The purposive-convenient sampling technique and cross-sectional research design were used to gather data. Two hundred students (male, n = 108; female, n = 92) whose ages ranged from 12 to 18 years (M = 16.51, SD = 1.12) were recruited from different public colleges in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan, from September, 2020 to December, 2020. Three standardized instruments were applied to assess personality traits, identity development, and psychological well-being in adolescent students. Results: This study’s findings indicated that neurotic, introversion, and extraversion personality traits were negatively significantly related to incoherent identity development and psychological well-being in adolescents. Additionally, the results demonstrated that incoherent identity development fully mediated in the relationship among neurotic, introversion, and extraversion personality traits and psychological well-being in adolescents. However, incoherent identity development only partially mediated psychotic personality traits and psychological well-being in adolescents. Conclusions: This study recommended that different personality traits could be salient factors in shaping coherent and incoherent identity development and psychological well-being in adolescents. These results can be used to spread knowledge as well as provide insight to develop new assessment techniques, prevention, and intervention strategies for adolescents in Pakistani society.

<p>In the Federal State Educational Standard for Basic General Education, the promotion of the psychological and social well-being of adolescents is formulated as a professional task of specialists. The article presents an analysis of the work of a school psychologist with the basic characteristics of the quality of life of adolescents - psychological well-being and sociometric status as a reliable indicator of the social well-being of students. The relevance of the article is determined by two aspects – the deepening of knowledge about the psychological and social well-being of modern adolescents, as well as the justification for the use of a convenient diagnostic case by a school psychologist. The relevance of the article is determined by two aspects – the deepening of knowledge about the psychological and social well-being of modern adolescents, as well as the justification for the use of a convenient diagnostic case by a school psychologist. The purpose of the article is to present an analysis of the use of a compact diagnostic case that can be recommended to a teacher–psychologist for rapid diagnosis of the psychological well-being of adolescents, as well as for identifying adolescents at social risk. This case includes the following methods: sociometric measurements by J.L. Moreno, resilience by S. Muddy, scale of psychological well-being (Warwick-Edinburgh), self-confidence by N.B. Astanina. 148 schoolchildren of the 8th grades of Moscow, aged 14-15 years, participated in the study. The recommended diagnostic case meets the characteristics that are significant from the point of view of a school psychologist, which complement the regulatory requirements, including those corresponding to the evidence-based approach in psychodiagnostics. Additional characteristics of the case include: the availability of methods for presentation in various formats; a study procedure that is comfortable in terms of duration and processing of results; the correctness of the content and wording of the questions.</p>

BackgroundAdolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) face significant psychological and spiritual challenges that impact their overall quality of life. This study explores the psychological well-being (e.g., mood instability, financial burdens) of adolescents with ASD, including mental health challenges and coping mechanisms. We also studied the role of spirituality (e.g., participation in religious activities) as a coping mechanism for adolescents with ASD within the Ghanaian cultural context.MethodsThis qualitative study utilized semi-structured interviews with 13 parents of adolescents with ASD in Accra, Ghana. Participants were selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed thematically to identify patterns related to psychological well-being and spiritual practices as experienced by adolescents with ASD and their families.ResultsTwo main themes emerged: (1) Psychological well-being of adolescents with autism, with parents reporting issues such as mood disturbances, depression, and social stigma affecting both adolescents and their families; and (2) Spiritual well-being, where religious engagement served as a coping resource, though sensory sensitivities posed participation challenges for some adolescents.ConclusionThe study highlights the importance of accessible mental health resources and supportive spiritual communities for adolescents with ASD in Ghana. Community-based mental health services and inclusive spiritual support can help families address the psychological and spiritual needs of adolescents with autism more effectively.

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of parental attachment on the happiness of adolescents, including attachment with both fathers and mothers. For this purpose, we examined the mediating role of grit on the relationship between paternal attachment and maternal attachment, as well as the impact of paternal attachment and maternal attachment on the happiness of adolescents and gender differences along that path. The participants of this study were 413 adolescents(204 males and 209 females) in the first, second, and third year of three middle schools located in a certain region of G Province. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and Mplus 7.4(Muthén & Muthén, 2015). T-tests, Pearson’s product moment correlation analysis, structural equation model analysis, and multiple group analysis were conducted as well. The following is a summary of the main results based from this study. First, paternal and maternal attachment have a direct impact on the happiness of adolescents; adolescents have a higher sense of happiness when their parental attachment is higher. Second, grit had a mediating role on the relationships between paternal attachment and maternal attachment and the overall happiness of adolescents. In other words, stronger attachment with parents was correlated with higher grit, and higher grit was correlated with a higher sense of happiness. Third, gender differences were observed in the path through which paternal attachment and maternal attachment impact the happiness of adolescents through grit; for male students, only maternal attachment had an indirect impact on their sense of happiness through grit. In other words, stronger maternal attachment was correlated with higher grit for male students, and higher grit was correlated with a higher sense of happiness. Grit did not have a mediating role on the relationship between parental attachment and the happiness of female students. However, if female students had strong paternal and maternal attachment, they showed a higher sense of happiness. In summary, the present study confirmed the importance of parental attachment and grit for improving the sense of happiness in adolescents. In addition, the present study determined differences in variables that affect the happiness of male and female adolescents. Accordingly, parents’ attitude and behavior toward children and parents’ role may differently influence the happiness of male and female adolescents. The findings of the present study can be used as basic data for the development of adolescents’counselling, education, and parental education programs to promote the happiness of male and female adolescents.

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has presented distinct challenges to the psychological wellbeing (PWB) and social emotional competence (SEC) of Chinese children and adolescents due to prolonged prevention measures, but knowledge of their PWB and SEC status in the post-pandemic era—including distinctive patterns, essential determinants, and interrelationships—remains limited.MethodThis study employed a self-report questionnaire with three sections (baseline characteristics, PWB scale, and SEC scale) to survey the PWB and SEC levels of Chinese children and adolescents in Gong'an County, central China. A total of 3,420 participants aged 8–16 from different areas in the district were surveyed and 2,848 valid responses were collected. Additionally, we identified 24 participants with low PWB and SEC scores and conducted follow-up interviews and family visits with them and their parents. Quantitative statistical analyses included descriptive analyses, analysis of variance (ANOVA), logistical regressions, and correlational analyses. Qualitative analyses were conducted to explain the statistical results as well as reveal emerging themed findings.ResultsThe quantitative data revealed moderate PWB and SEC levels among the participants, with significant variations based on baseline characteristics such as grade level, school location, academic rank, parent marital status, household economic condition, and left-behind status. Determinants influencing both PWB and SEC included academic rank, parent marital status, and household economic condition. The interrelationships between PWB and SEC dimensions also highlighted the importance of self-management for the wellbeing of Chinese youths. Furthermore, three theme findings were identified that are aligned with the quantitative results, focusing on PWB and SEC challenges, the impact of economic conditions on family dynamics, and the influence of grade obsession and self-esteem issues in the post-pandemic era.ConclusionTeachers should monitor students' psychological and emotional wellbeing, especially those with poor academic performance, disadvantaged backgrounds, and unstable parental relationships. Non-left-behind children with high social awareness require equal attention. Effective interventions are needed to develop students' self-management and self-awareness, thus promoting their PWB.

The rapid urbanisation of many countries has raised important questions about how neighbourhood characteristics affect wellbeing, particularly during adolescence, a period of vulnerability to mental health conditions. This study investigated how population density, neighbourhood deprivation, green space availability and residential greenness are related to psychological wellbeing in adolescence, as well as the role of perceived social support and autonomy in this relationship. Using data from 970 participants aged 9–17 years in the INMA (Infancia y Medio Ambiente) cohort in Spain, collected between 2016 and 2022, we applied a set of linear mixed effects models to examine these associations, and also explored potential differences by age, sex and family affluence. The results showed an association between higher residential greenness and better psychological wellbeing in older adolescents (15–17 years). This association was partially mediated by greater family support and feelings of autonomy. In addition, there was an association between higher population density and worse psychological wellbeing in older adolescents. No significant associations were found between neighbourhood deprivation, green space availability and psychological wellbeing. Finally, the relationships reported in this study were not modified by family affluence. These findings suggest that neighbourhood residential greenness could contribute to feelings of family support and autonomy, which contribute to important aspects of psychosocial adaptation during adolescence.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-025-22753-1.

Positive effects of different dimensions of religiousness (including private, public and familial) on well-being as well as the stress buffering effects of religiousness have been documented. However, relatively little research has explored how these different facets of religiousness are related to psychological well-being in at-risk adolescents. This study examined family, public and private religiousness and their protective influence on psychological adjustment in adolescents at risk for poor psychological and behavioural outcomes. Participants include 186 urban teens divided between African Americans and European Americans. Structured interviews assessed religiousness, stress, as well as change in emotional distress and substance abuse problems over a one-year period. Greater private religiousness protects adolescents exposed to higher levels of stress from emotional and behavioural problems. In contrast, higher levels of family religiousness exacerbate emotional problems over time in adolescents exposed to greater stress. Findings demonstrate the complex influence of religiousness on psychological well-being in adolescence.

HighlightsWhat are the main findings?Effectiveness of the 10VIDA program: Adolescents who participated in the intervention showed reductions in psychological discomfort, anxiety, depression, and perceived illness threat, as well as increases in self-esteem, emotional well-being, and socioemotional competencies. These effects were observed both in comparison with the control group and within the same adolescents over time. Improvements after 10VIDA intervention indicate that reshaping illness perception toward a more manageable and less threatening experience is possible through targeted psychological intervention.Gender differences: Girls reported higher levels of anxiety, depression, and illness perception, whereas boys demonstrated higher self-esteem, emotional well-being, and greater emotional regulation skills. These findings suggest that the psychosocial burden of T1DM is distributed unevenly between genders.Parental influence and the importance of family support: Adolescents who perceived greater parental support through autonomy promotion and open communication reported higher well-being, while perceptions of high psychological control correlated with emotional distress. This highlights the dual role of family dynamics in either buffering or intensifying the challenges of chronic illness.What are the implications of the main findings?Integration of psychosocial care into diabetes treatment: The evidence supports the inclusion of structured psychological interventions, such as 10VIDA, in routine pediatric diabetes care. Such integration may enhance adherence to treatment regimens and ultimately improve both psychological and physical health outcomes.Need for gender-sensitive interventions: Because girls with T1DM appear more vulnerable to internalizing symptoms (e.g., anxiety, depression), interventions should include tailored components that specifically address these risks, while reinforcing boys’ emotion regulation skills to sustain positive adjustment.Family-centered approaches: The role of caregivers is critical. Programs that actively involve parents and other family members and try to promote characteristics such as autonomy and proper communication may strengthen resilience and reduce illness perceptions in adolescents.Long-term and large-scale research: Although preliminary results are promising, larger and more diverse samples are needed to confirm the effects. Future studies should assess whether these improvements in socioemotional adjustment translate into better glycemic control and long-term health outcomes. This can be done by measuring objective indicators like HbA1c across time to observe the degree to which it varies.Contribution to intervention science: By grounding itself in a theoretical model of clinical illness in adolescents that identifies the most important psychosocial factors in promoting a successful adaptation to illness, this intervention addresses previous gaps in psychoeducational programs. Its focus on emotional regulation, self-concept, and social relationships provides a theoretically consistent framework that could serve as a model for other chronic illness interventions.Background/Objectives: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) during adolescence increases the risk of psychosocial difficulties. To address these challenges, the 10VIDA program was developed to support psychological adjustment, treatment adherence, and quality of life. This study examined socioemotional factors linked to chronic illness adjustment and psychological well-being in adolescents with T1DM, assessing the impact of the 10VIDA intervention. Methods: Adolescents with T1DM participated in two studies: (1) an inter-group design with experimental and control groups assessed pre- and post-intervention, and (2) an intra-subject longitudinal design with three assessments (two pre-intervention and one post-intervention). All participants completed the 10VIDA intervention delivered online through seven sessions: five targeted adolescents with T1DM, while two included primary caregivers. The program’s main objective was to enhance well-being and quality of life. Results: Girls reported higher anxiety and depression, while boys showed greater self-esteem and emotional well-being. The experimental group experienced significant reductions in discomfort, anxiety, depression, and perceived illness threat, alongside improvements in self-esteem and psychological well-being. Intra-subject analysis also revealed increased well-being and decreased discomfort after intervention. Conclusions: The 10VIDA program effectively addressed socioemotional challenges in adolescents with T1DM and reshaping illness perception. These findings underscore the importance of integrated psychological support to improve adjustment and quality of life in chronic illness during adolescence.

Background: Adolescence is critical process allowing individual to leave childhood and enter into autonomous adulthood. Self-esteem has a strong relation to happiness, health and well-being. Although the research has not clearly established causation, we are persuaded that high self-esteem does lead to greater happiness. Low self-esteem is more likely to lead to depression. Most of the research till date was conducted in adult population, very few studies are on adolescents. Objective: Assessment of self-esteem and correlate with psychological well-being in adolescents. Methods: 400 school going adolescents were enrolled and questionnaire regarding self-esteem and happiness score were given, later assessed and correlated. Result: Majority of students (84%) were having moderate self-esteem score; 53.75% had normal happiness score. Mean self-esteem score was increasing with age, girls were having more self-esteem score than boys. Significant positive correlation was observed between self-esteem score and happiness score. Conclusion: Adolescents with high self-esteem are happier than adolescent with low self-esteem. Improvement in self-esteem will be useful to reduce mental health issues in teenagers. How to cite this article:Reddy B, Mane S, Agarkhedkar S. Assessment of Self-Esteem and its Correlation with Happiness in Adolescents. Ind J Youth Adol Health 2019; 6(2): 3-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2349.2880.201907

Heroin-dependent adolescents demonstrate high rates of comorbid psychological problems. Among heroin-dependent adults, opiate substitution treatment (OST) programmes appear to reduce mental health problems. We sought to examine the impact of OST on psychological well-being in adolescents, as this is unknown. We conducted a prospective study examining psychological well-being in heroin dependent adolescents, aged 18 years or younger, engaged in outpatient psychologically supported OST. Patients were treated with either methadone or buprenorphine. This was complimented with individual key working, counselling (motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral therapy) and group work focusing on life skills. The Beck Youth Inventory was used to measure psychological well-being at treatment entry and repeated after 4 months of treatment. Among 55 consecutive treatment episodes, we examined the 32 episodes where the patient persisted with the OST programme. Polysubstance use was the norm at treatment entry. At follow-up, the median doses of methadone and buprenorphine were 50 mgs and 8 mgs, respectively. Only three patients were treated with antidepressant medication. There was significant improvement in the mean depression (65.0 to 57.9, P = 0.001), anxiety (61.7 to 57.0, P = 0.006) and anger (57.8 to 54.6, P = 0.009) subscale scores. The self-concept and disruptive behaviour subscale scores did not improve significantly. In this relatively short-term follow-up, psychosocially assisted OST appears to be associated with improved psychological well-being in heroin-dependent adolescents, especially in the area of depressive and anxiety symptoms.

Purpose of the study: This study aims to investigate the relationship of creativity to mindfulness, emotion regulation, and psychological well-being among adolescents.
 Methodology: The cross-sectional and correlational study used purposive convenient sampling, and collected data from 600 adolescents aged 15 to 24. The data collection was conducted in colleges and universities using English as the medium of instruction. For this purpose, the scales used were the Kaufman Domains of Creativity scale (Kaufman, 2012), the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (Brown & Ryan, 2003), the Emotion regulation questionnaire (Gross & John, 2003), and Ryff Psychological Wellbeing (Ryff et al., 2007). Data was analyzed using SPSS-26. 
 Main Findings: The study found that creativity is not related to any other variable. However, mindfulness is positively linked to emotion regulation and psychological well-being, and emotion regulation is positively linked to psychological well-being. There were significant gender differences in creativity and emotion regulation, with males scoring higher, but no significant gender differences in mindfulness and psychological well-being.
 Applications of the study: This study on adolescents' creativity and its relationship with mindfulness, emotion regulation, and psychological well-being has applications in education, mental health interventions, parenting, youth development, policy, and further research. It can inform interventions, programs, and policies aimed at fostering creativity, promoting well-being, and supporting adolescent development.
 Novelty/Originality of the study: This study investigates the relationship between creativity, mindfulness, emotional regulation, and psychological well-being in adolescents. It focuses on the inherent traits of mindfulness and explores the benefits of instant creativity, specifically divergent thinking. The study aims to understand how everyday creativity relates to mindfulness, emotional regulation, and well-being, with a focus on gender differences. The findings could contribute to promoting well-being and creativity in adolescents.

Emotion regulation (ER) becomes increasingly important across adolescent development, and promotes psychological flexibility, resilience and well-being in youth. Positive education programs (PEPs) combine academic training with positive psychology interventions (PPIs) to increase well-being and reduce mental ill-health. Despite considerable overlap between PPIs and ER models, the role and relevance of ER to PEPs remains unclear. This review aimed to evaluate the relationship of ER to PEPs targeting adolescents. First, to evaluate the relationship of ER to domains of well-being targeted by school-based PPIs. Second, to examine whether school-based PPIs can improve adolescents’ ER capacity. Third, to evaluate the role of ER in well-being outcomes of PEPs. Results support the relevance of ER to domains of well-being outlined by the revised PERMA model, including positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and health. ER can influence the degree to which students benefit from PEP participation. It remains to be determined whether ER capacity is improved as a result of exposure to positive education programs. Findings are limited by the small and heterogeneous group of interventions examined, and the use of inconsistent ER measures. Further research of the role of ER in positive education may contribute to greater understanding of the mechanisms underlying their effectiveness and further promote the psychological well-being of adolescents.

Improvement in quality-of-life questionnaire measures in obese adolescent females with polycystic ovary syndrome treated with lifestyle changes and oral contraceptives, with or without metformin

BackgroundSince the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, the number of international students in the United States had been gradually increasing. However, the total numbers have begun to decrease since 2019–2020 school year due to the Trump administration's policy and COVID-19. Still, little is known about how international students’ psychological adjustment and well-being have been affected by changing nonimmigrant visa policy and the COVID-19 pandemic. MethodsWe conducted a total of 34 online semi-structured in-depth interviews with international students from 18 countries of origin studying in the San Francisco Bay Area, California. More than 60% of the participants (21 out of 34) were aged 21 to 25. Among our 34 participants, gender and 18 were male and 16 were female, and 19 were undergraduate students and 15 were master’s students. The majority of the participants were first-generation college students (22/34, 64.71%). Verbatim transcription was done for all interviews. NVivo was used for both deductive and inductive approaches to the qualitative analysis.ResultsOverall, the recent political climate negatively impacted participants’ psychology of adjustment and well-being. July 6, 2020 Policy Directive for international students caused severe uncertainty about whether they can continue studying in the United States. There were many resources or services needed to overcome this period, such as extended mental and emotional support from the counseling services as well as financial and informational support from the international student office and university. Although international students had the benefit of the university's food assistance program, they were not eligible to receive any external support outside of the university and financial aid at the local and federal levels. Whether maintaining F-1 visa status was one of their major concerns. Due to COVID-19, job opportunities were limited, which made international students difficult to obtain Curricular Practical Training (CPT) and secure a job in the United States within the 90-day unemployment limit of Optical Practical Training (OPT). H-1B visa and permanent residency were other challenges to go through, but participants saw positive perspectives from the Biden administration.ConclusionsUncertain policy changes due to COVID-19 and presidential transitions impacted international students’ psychological well-being and adjustment. International students are important populations in the United States who have supported jobs that are high in demand and economically contributed to the United States. It is expected that future policies at various levels support international students’ life and improve their health equity and mental health.