Bibliography of Czechoslovak Legal Literature 1945-1958 By the Institute of Law, Czechoslovak Academy of Science, Viktor Knapp, Scientific Editor. (Prague: Publishing House of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, 1959. pp. 261. Kes. 11.60.)

ЖИТТЄВИЙ ШЛЯХ, НАУКОВО-ПЕДАГОГІЧНА ТА ГРОМАДСЬКА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ ВОЛОДИМИРА ГАВРИЛОВИЧА СОКУРЕНКА (ДО 100-РІЧЧЯ ВІД ДНЯ НАРОДЖЕННЯ)

The Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences has a long tradition of honoring outstanding Soviet and Russian scientists who at different times served and developed legal science at the highest academic level. One of such recognized outstanding scientists was the Honored scientist of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Law, Professor Mikhail I. Piskotin (1924 - 2003). Mikhail I. Piskotin devoted many years to the formation and strengthening of the science of Financial Law and its sub-branches (tax, Budget Law), in every possible way contributed to the development of the science of Administrative Law. 1973 - 1989 worked at the Institute of State and Law of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR as head of the sector and editor-in-chief of the journal "Soviet State and Law". In his memory and with respect to his merits, the scientific community annually holds scientific events. In April 2021, an International scientific and practical conference was successfully held, the topic of which was "Financial security and law in the digital era ("Piskotin’s readings - 2021"). The organizer of the conference is the sector of Administrative Law and administrative process, the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences. A distinctive feature of this conference was that as its participants, academic theorists and practitioners in the field of financial and administrative law from leading academic and research organizations from the Russian Federation, as well as citizens of individual European states and Asia, announced and made reports on topical topics. The purpose of the conference was to consider current problems, current trends and prospects for the development of Financial Law in the digital era. The participants were especially interested in those reports in which not only the existing problems were raised, but also the directions and ways of their solution were expressed. As a result of the work, the participants adopted the Resolution of the International scientific and practical conference "Financial security and law in the digital era ("Piskotin’s readings - 2021").

Review of the Monograph by O. Kudlai: "The Government of the Ukrainian People's Republic: Institutional Establishment and Main Activities (1917–1918)" - Scientific Editor: V. Verstiuk. National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of History of Ukraine. Kyiv: Institute of History of Ukraine, 2025. 580 p.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the formation and development of academic research in the field of international law at the V.M.Koretsky Institute of State and Law. Organizational origins of international law started with the creation of the state and legal sector in the system of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in 1949. Special attention is paid to the presentation of the role of the outstanding scholar of the international lawyer in the creation of the Institute of State and Law, organization and implementation of legal research, in particular in the field of international law and the formation of the corresponding scientific school.The objective development of international law in the second half of the twentieth century was conditioned by the necessity of ensuring the international legal activity of Ukraine in the international arena, as one of the founding states of the United Nations. At this stage, the efforts of Koretsky and his associates were directed at the theoretical substantiation of the international legal personality of Ukraine, the study of the problems of the codification of international law, its sources, and the relation with the internal law of the states. The results of fundamental research in the field of international law favored the recognition of Ukrainian scholars’ contributions to international legal science. Koretsky was recognized as one of the world's leading figures and attracted by the international community to practical international legal activities in specialized United Nations bodies. He entered history as one of the founders of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.The period of 50 - 60 years of the twentieth century in the development of Ukrainian international law was characterized by the active formation of its scientific school, the bright representatives of which were international scholars M. K. Mikhailovsky, N. M. Ulyanov, V. I. Sapozhnikov and others. Their research has created the foundation of a modern school of international law. The article analyzes their main works and theoretical positions that have become the property of international legal science.The 70-80s of the 20th century in the development of international legal science in Ukraine were characterized by the growth of its scientific potential, personnel growth of the school, expansion of the range of research. Since 1984, the head of the department of international law and comparative law of the Institute is V. N. Denisov, who organizationally and methodologically ensured the development of the study of actual problems of international law.With the proclamation of Ukraine's independence, the main tasks of the national science of international law are aimed at studying the problems of the implementation of the sovereignty of Ukraine. Over the past three decades, the results of research by scientists of international lawyers of the Institute have become dozens of individual and collective monographs that identified the main trends in the development of science of international law at the present stage.Today, the scientific school of international law is represented by the doctors of jurisprudence V. N. Denisov, V. I. Akulenko, O. V. Kresin and candidates of jurisprudence O. I. Didkivska, O. S. Pereverzeva, I. M. Protsenko, K. O. Savchuk, A. V. Smoliy, M. I. Surzhinsky, L. G. Falaleyev. A special role in the article is devoted to the analysis of organizational and scientific activities of the directors of the Institute after V. M. Koretsky, academicians B. M. Babiy and Yu. S. Shemshuchenko

The article is devoted to the analysis of the formation and development of academic research in the field of international law at Koretskyi Institute of State and Law. Organizational origins of international law started with the creation of the state and legal sector in the system of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in 1949. Special attention is paid to the role of the outstanding student of international law in the creation of the Institute of State and Law, organization and implementation of legal research, in particular in the field of international law and the formation of the relevant scientific school. The objective development of international law in the second half of the 20th century was conditioned by the necessity of ensuring the international legal activity of Ukraine in the international arena, as one of the founding members of the United Nations. At this stage, the efforts of Koretsky and his associates were directed at the theoretical substantiation of the international legal standing of Ukraine, the study of the problems of the codification of international law, its sources, and the relationship to the internal law of states. The results of fundamental research in the field of international law contributed to the recognition of Ukrainian scholars to international legal science. Koretsky was recognized as one of the world’s leading figures and attracted by the international community to practical international legal activities in specialized United Nations bodies. He entered history as one of the founders of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In the 1950s and 1960s, the development of Ukrainian international law was characterized by the active formation of its scientific school, the most prominent representatives of which were M. Mikhailovsky, N. Ulyanov, V. Sapozhnikov, etc. Their research has laid the foundation of the modern school of international law. The article analyzes their main works and theoretical positions that have become the patrimony of international legal science. During the 1970s and 1980s, the development of international legal science in Ukraine were characterized by the growth of its scientific potential, personnel growth of the school, expansion of the range of research. Since 1984, the position of Head of the Department of International Law and Comparative Law of the Institute has been held by V. Denisov, who ensured the organizational and methodological framework for studying relevant problems of international law. With the proclamation of Ukraine’s independence, the main tasks of the national science of international law are aimed at studying the problems of the implementation of the sovereignty of Ukraine. Over the past three decades, the results of research by scientists of international lawyers of the Institute have become dozens of individual and collective monographs that identified the main trends in the development of science of international law at the present stage. Today, the scientific school of international law is represented by such doctors of law as V. Denysov, V. Akulenko, O. Kresin and candidates of jurisprudence O. Didkivska, O. Pereverzeva, I. Protsenko, K. Savchuk, A. Smolii, M. Surzhinskyi, L. Falaleyev. A special attention in the article is devoted to the analysis of organizational and scientific activities of the directors of Koretskyi Institute, namely academicians B. Babiy and Yu. Shemshuchenko. Keywords: international law, school of international law, Institute of State and Law, scientific researches, international legal activity, stages of development of the school of international law.

Objective: to consider the defects of social-legal and criminological research at the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences and, based on their analysis, to offer promising areas of scientific legal research for the effective lawmaking.Methods: dialectical approach to the cognition of social phenomena, enabling to analyze them in their historical development and functioning in the context of a set of objective and subjective factors, which determined the choice of the following research methods: formal-logical, comparative-legal, sociological.Results: the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences should specialize in studying the existing trends and patterns of crime, forecasting and development of draft normative-legal acts to combat illegal mass activity. However, in reality, the scientific developments of the above-mentioned Institute are not always taken into account in law-making and law-enforcement activities. As a result, there are no accurate data on the actual level of crime and its particular types; the social and economic consequences of crime are not analyzed; an effective mechanism of struggle against crime is not developed; there are no data on the costs of combating crime and maintaining criminals at confinement institutions; no adequate forecast is presented of the possible development of crime due to intensive changes in the world and in the country. Scientific novelty: the conducted critical analysis of the history of the establishment and development of the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences and its interaction with public authorities enabled to justify the need to create a full-fledged analytical center in the above-mentioned Institute to obtain systemic information on the legal and criminological situation in the Russian Federation.Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific and pedagogical activities in the consideration of issues related to the definition of promising areas of scientific legal research.

A large group of scholars of the Institute of Government and Law, USSR Academy of Sciences, jointly with personnel of the Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Academy of Sciences, Kazakh SSR, have familiarized themselves with the practices of the Soviets of Kazakhstan.

Introduction. The article is devoted to insufficiently studied history of founding of the leading scientific legal institution of Ukraine. On a purely documentary basis, with the introduction to the scientific circulation of new archival materials the events that accompanied the creation of the State and Law Branch in the AS UkrSSR system are highlighted and analyzed. The circumstances that accompanied the foundation of the Institute were analyzed for the first time in 1999 by the academician Yu. S. Shemshuchenko. The aim of the article. The purpose of this exploration is to complete the scientific reconstruction of the process of founding of our institute through the introduction of new archival documents into the scientific circulation, clarification of the author's idea of creating the institute, deepening of the understanding of the position of the state institutions of the UkrSSR and the USSR and the personal role of the academician V. M. Koretsky in this process. Results. A true history of legal science is only possible on the basis of a critical understanding of the primary sources, the search of which was the most important component of this study. The author analyzed the little-known published documents; the documents from the funds of the Central State Archives of Public Associations of Ukraine, the Central State Archives of Higher Authorities and Administration of Ukraine and the State Archives of the Russian Federation that have been introduced into scientific circulation; generalized information from the materials of the scientific archive of the Koretsky Institute of State and Law and some other primary sources. The question of formation of the idea of creating a legal academic institute and its development in the decisions of state, communist and academic structures is investigated. Particular attention is paid to Professor V. I. Boshko's appeal to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine (b) on the expediency of establishing of a Law Institute in the system of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, registered on April 4, 1947, and the figures of those party functionaries (who also happened to be highly qualified scientists at the same time) directly involved in reviewing this appeal. Сonclusions. Many well-known personalities and qualified scientists have made efforts to establish an academic law institution in Ukraine. At the same time, no confirmation has been found for the thesis about the decisive role of D. Z. Manuilskyi in this process, as well as for the opinion that the academic institution of the legal profile was needed first and foremost for the theoretical substantiation of the international legal personality of the Ukrainian SSR. Ways of further investigation of the problem are proposed, and a proposal for publishing of a large collection of documents and materials on the basis of an in-depth archival search is introduced.

In the legal literature there are enough publications on the competence of local self-government, nevertheless this topic attracts attention of not only representatives of the legal science, but also economists and practitioners. Special interest to this institution of municipal law is connected with the controversial aspects relating not only to the very concept of the competence of the municipal formation, but also to the issues of its essence, nature, the distribution of powers between individual units of local government bodies and state authorities and government. These concepts have found some consolidation in the current Russian legislation both at the federal and regional levels, but this did not solve all the problems that arise in the process of exercising the powers available to municipal entities. The essence of the definition of the concept of the competence of local self-government and its correct use in law-making activities is of great importance for the regulation of the functions of local selfgovernment bodies, improving law-making technology, enhancing the role of normative acts, which will naturally affect the effectiveness of local self-government. In this article, an attempt is made to investigate the essence of the concept of the competence of local self-government as an institution of municipal law within the framework of the implementation of public authority, not only by the relevant bodies, but also by the population.

The article is devoted to an overview of the life path and scientific heritage of Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences, member of the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences Ilya P. Trainin. Scientific work of I. P. Trainin combined with organizational, socio-political and pedagogical activities. From 1942 to 1947 he served as Director of the Institute of Law of the USSR Academy of Sciences (in 1931 – Soviet Construction and Law of the Communist Academy; now – Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences). He owns research in the field of International Law, domestic and foreign State Law. The scientist’s scientific works have always covered key and topical problems of legal science and practice: the sphere of national relations, citizenship, issues of sovereignty, federation and autonomy. During the Great Patriotic War, I. P. Trainin wrote a number of works devoted to the mechanism of the fascist dictatorship and the responsibility of Nazi Germany for the atrocities and damage caused by its aggression and military robbery.

In the legal system of Latvia, it is now established that the principle of objective investigation is to be regarded as an effective guarantee of the protection of the individual's rights. This institute of law is based on the belief that in the process the court must play an active role in the process of achieving objective truth and result in an equitable outcome. However, the obvious, both in the regulatory framework of the administrative process and in the case-law, is the manifestation of the principle of the adversarial principle. Although in the regulatory environment and in the legal literature, is often recognized that there is no adversarial principle in the administrative process, such an assumption seems questionable.

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes Twining, W. (1997) Law in Context: Enlarging a Discipline (Oxford, Oxford University Press). Twining, W. (1967) Pericles and the plumber. Inaugural Lecture, Belfast. Published in shortened form in Law Quarterly Review, 83, p. 396. Twining, W. (1994) Blackstone's Tower: The English Law School (London, Sweet and Maxwell). Twining, W. & Miers, D. (1976) How To Do Things With Rules (London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson). Twining, W. (1980) Goodbye to Lewis Eliot: the academic lawyer as scholar. Presidential Address, Society of Public Teachers of Law, Journal of the Society of Public Teachers of Law, 15, pp. 2–19. See Twining, W. (1998) Imagining Bentham, Current Legal Problems, pp. 1–36; Twining W. (1989) Reading Bentham (Maccabean lecture), LXXV Proceedings of the British Academy, pp. 97–141; Twining, W. (1999) Jeremy Bentham and general jurisprudence (First Eckhoff Memorial Lecture), Tidsskrift for Rettsvitenskap, 112, pp. 381–407. See e.g. Twining, W. (1973) Karl Llewellyn and the Realist Movement (London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson); Twining, W. (1968) The Karl Llewellyn Papers (Chicago, University of Chicago Law School; Twining, W. (1993) Karl Llewellyn's unfinished agenda: law in society and the job of juristic method, Chicago Papers in Legal History, 1993. Twining, W. (2002) The Great Juristic Bazaar (London, Ashgate). Twining, W. (2000) Globalisation and Legal Theory (London, Butterworth); Twining, W. (2009) Implications of globalisation for legal scholarship, in: A. Halpin & V. Roeben (Eds) Theorising the Global Legal Order (Oxford, Hart), pp. 39–59; Twining, W. (2005) Have concepts, will travel: analytical jurisprudence in a global context, International Journal of Law in Context, 1, pp. 5–40. Twining, W. (2007) General jurisprudence, University of Miami International and Comparative Law Review, 15, pp. 1–59; Twining, W. (1996) General and particular jurisprudence – three chapters in a story, in: S. Guest (Ed.) Legal Positivism Today, (Aldershot, Dartmouth), pp. 119–146; Twining, W. (2009) General Jurisprudence: Understanding Law from a Global Perspective (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press). Twining, W., Kamenka, E. & Summers, R. (1986) Sociological Jurisprudence and Realist Theories of Law (Berlin, Duncker and Humblot). Twining, W. (2009) Institutions of law: globalization, non-state law and legal pluralism, in: M. Del Mar & Z. Bankowski (Eds) Law as Institutional Normative Order (London, Ashgate); Twining, W. (2009) Normative and legal pluralism (Bernstein Lecture), Duke Journal of Comparative and International Law, 20, pp. 473–517. Twining, W. (1964) The Place of Customary Law in the National Legal Systems of East Africa (Chicago, University of Chicago Law School). Twining, W. (2008) Surface law, in: H. Petersen, K.L. Kjaer & M.R. Madsen (Eds) Paradoxes of European Legal Integration (Ashgate, Aldershot). Twining, W. (1989) Reading law (Seegers Lectures), Valparaiso Law Review, 24, pp. 1–33. Twining, W., N. Gold, & MacKie (1989) Learning Lawyers' Skills (London, Butterworth). Twining, W. (1991) Lawyers' stories, in: R. Kevelson (Ed.) Action and Agency (New York, P. Lang), pp. 317–389. Twining, W., Anderson, T. & Schum, D. (2005) Analysis of Evidence, 2nd ed. (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press). Twining, W. (1980) Debating probabilities, Liverpool Law Review, 11, pp. 51–64. Twining, W. (1982) Taking facts seriously, in: N. Gold (Ed.) Essays on Legal Education (Butterworths, Toronto), pp. 51–76; Twining, W. (2007) Taking facts seriously again, in: P. Roberts & M. Redmayne (Eds) Teaching legal Scholarship (Oxford, Hart), pp. 65–86. Twining, W. (1986) Taking skills seriously, Commonwealth Legal Education Newsletter, No 43, Appendix. Reprinted in Journal of Professional Legal Education (1986) and Learning Lawyers Skills, op. cit.). Twining, W. & Quick, E. (1994) Legal Records in the Commonwealth (Aldershot, Dartmouth). Twining, W. & Uglow, J. (Eds) (1981) Legal Literature in Small Jurisdictions (Ottawa/London, Canadian Law Information Council & Commonwealth Secretariat). Twining, W. (2009) Punching our weight? Legal scholarship and public understanding (The SLS Centenary Lecture), Legal Studies, 29, pp. 519–533. Twining, W. (1983) Law for Non-Lawyers: Some Preliminary Reflections (London, Commonwealth Secretariat). Twining, W. (1979) Legal education for all, in: D Mitchell (Ed.) Legal Studies and Legal Education for Non-Lawyers (Sydney, Butterworths), pp. 1–13. Twining, W. (1987) The camel in the zoo, in: I. Shivji (Ed.) The Limits of Legal Radicalism (Dar es Salaam, Faculty of Law, University of Dar es Salaam). Twining, W., O'Donovan, K. & Paliwala, A. (1970) Ernie and the centipede, in: A. Jolowicz (Ed.) The Division and Classification of the Law (London, Butterworths). Twining, W. (1973) The bad man revisited, Cornell Law Review, 52, p. 275; Twining, W. (1997) Other people's power: the bad man and English Positivism, 1897–97, Brooklyn Law Review, 63, pp. 189–223. Twining, W. (1973) The way of the baffled medic, Journal of the Society of Public Teachers of Law, 12, p. 348.

<i>Notes on Contributors</i>

John Walley Littlefield

This collection of essays about the law and Harry Potter explores the intersections between law, culture, and the Harry Potter stories. The collection begins with a group of essays, consistent with some of the previous legal literature, about the limitations of law and legal institutions as depicted in the Harry Potter narratives. The essays by James Charles Smith and Danaya Wright begin by considering the depiction of families in the narratives, and show the limited role of law for family relationships. The essay by Benjamin H. Barton considers a more legalistic institution, the Ministry of Magic, an institution depicted with major failings. The essay by Aaron Schwabach looks at the operation of the legal system through the lens of the "Unforgivable curses" and contends that they show an arbitrariness contrary to the rule of law. Similarly, Joel Fishman's essay explores the arbitrariness of punishment in the narratives. A second essay by James Charles Smith takes an interesting middle ground. It explores the legal status and wizarding conventions applicable to house-elves, and points out the ambiguity in the narratives as to whether the treatment of house-elves is good or bad. Likewise, the essay by Daniel Austin Green uses the narratives to explore the roles of excuse and justification in their relationship with legal authority and rule of law. The next several essays find some positive aspects to the depiction of law and legal institutions in the narratives. The first essay by Timothy S. Hall shows how the rule used to free Dobby, the house-elf, can be used as a pedagogical tool to illustrate the importance of intent in contract law. The essay by Jeffrey E. Thomas suggests that the negative and satirical depictions of law and legal institutions helps readers to focus on the importance of individual accountability in making moral decisions. The essay by Andrew P. Morriss also examines moral decisions. He contends that in spite of legal and institutional limitations, the wizarding world allows for individual moral choice, which is a recognition of the importance of individual liberty. This group of essays concludes by returning to one of the themes of the Power of Stories conference-the Dick Whittington story. A second essay by Timothy S. Hall compares the Harry Potter narratives to the Dick Whittington story, which reflects an interesting cultural evolution from Tudor to modern time.