Beyond Perimeter Defenses: Implementing Zero-Trust Security Models for Cloud Computing in the Era of Advanced Cyber Threats

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Cloud computing has significantly transformed IT structures whereby organizations can address their computational needs through flexible, adaptable, and cheaper platforms. However with the growing usage of cloud services, the traditional perimeter security model cannot effectively secure the critical organizational assets against threats such as advanced persistent threats, internal threats and malware. This paper focuses on how zero-trust security models can be used to address these emergent threats in a cloud computing context. Zero-trust, as a security model that is based on ‘’never trust, always verify,’’ implies the constant verification of everyone both inside and outside the organization with the intent to access systems or applications. This paper aims to review the limitations of the classical models, the principles of zero-trust, and the opportunities it provides and faces: minimizing attack pathways, enhanced access, and better management of incidents. There are, however, challenges organizations face when implementing zero-trust frameworks, these include integration with old systems and technologies, limited resources, and organizational change. Considering the experiences of IT experts and cybersecurity professionals from different branches and types of companies, the study demonstrates the level of effectiveness and issues in implementing zero-trust, case within sectors like finance, healthcare, and e-commerce. The result indicates that while zero-trust models are effective, the approach's implementation suffers from sector restriction, the large organization and high risk sectors such as finance, health sector have better adoption results. This study also outlines strategies organizations can adopt and implement in order to embrace zero-trust security in cloud environments as well as some of the challenges linked with its implementation.