Between text and commentary: translator intervention and semantic openness in English translations of the Qurʼān

As a universal language, English makes a better communication between China and the developed countries, English language teaching has become increasingly important in more and more Chinese Schools. At the beginning, when Chinese students start to learn a second language, they need to translate the second language such as English into Chinese in the first hand, and this procedure will help them to understand and learn English better. For English language translation teachers, they need to research and create the suitable、effective method of learning English translation for most students constantly in order to improve the English translation learning efficiency of the Chinese students. The local culture of China is quite different from the culture of other English speaking countries. When our Chinese students study English language translation, at the same time, they need to learn the different culture in different countries and learn how to accept and face up the cultural background difference between our country and the other English speaking countries. In the meantime, during the time of teaching English translation, the English translation subject teachers need to guide the students to learn and understand the difference in practice, and help them to establish a comprehensive and correct idea of learning English translation (through teaching right and different translation skills.

The current automatic recognition methods of machine English translation errors have poor semantic analysis ability, resulting in low accuracy of recognition results. In order to improve the accuracy of English translation and realize the intelligence of the English translation system, an intelligent method based on multi-feature fusion is proposed. Conception of English automatic translation system. The combined form of semantic feature analysis and phrase translation is used to improve the English bilingual translation algorithm; in addition, cross-editing and multi-threaded phrase translation loading measures are used to complete the intelligent design of the translation system. According to the directed graph of wrong translation results, an automatic recognition algorithm for machine English translation errors is constructed to automatically identify translation errors. The relevant experimental simulations show that the newly designed English phrase translation combined machine automatic translation system has high translation accuracy and recall rate, rarely occurs translation errors, and has strong intelligence.

Gender neutral language has been one of the most hotly debated issues in Bible translation in recent decades, especially in translations into English. The article presents some aspects of this problem expanding the perspective and comparing gender neutral language usage in modern translations of Scripture into English and Polish: the New International Version and the Paulist Bible and the Poznan Bible, with occasional references to other English and Polish translations. Renditions of selected New Testament terms such as anthrōpos, anēr, adelphos/adelphoi and huioi are examined, as well as English and Polish translations of diakoneo when it describes women accompanying Jesus in the synoptic gospels. Translations of “Junia/Junius” (Rom 16:7) are also compared as well as the issue of Phoebe the “deaconess” in Rom 16:1. The author concludes that solutions concerning gender neutral language in English and Polish translations of the Bible, sometimes similar, are not identical due to differences between these languages, due to different socio-linguistic norms characterizing Polish and English audiences respectively and due to the fact that the English translation is addressed to the evangelical Christians, while the Polish ones to the Catholics.

In this paper, after researching the natural language processing model, we use the knowledge representation technology to construct a knowledge base and use the sequence comparison algorithm to compare the sequences of Chinese and English translations, analyze the similarities and differences between the two sequences, and analyze the entropy of information between English and Chinese translations through the probabilistic theory and mathematical statistics method. On this basis, we analyze the differences between Chinese and English translations in terms of lexical dimension, syntactic dimension and articulation dimension and explore the differences in lexical richness and thematic concentration between Chinese and English based on “entropy”. The results show that Chinese is significantly higher than English translations in terms of language output length, sentence complexity, subordinate structure and phrase structure (p<0.001), and Chinese is significantly higher than English translations in terms of articulation (p<0.05). This paper provides an important reference value for studying the differences in stylistic features in Chinese-English translation.

University English translation teaching is an important part of cultivating students’ translation ability, and the application of information technology in the Internet era can open up a better path for English translation teaching. In this paper, we design an information technology pathway for English translation teaching, which achieves personalised recommendation of English translation learning resources by constructing the ECA-CSGCN model to help students carry out online independent learning of English translation. The application effect of the pathway is explored using independent sample t-tests after evaluating the model’s performance. The accuracy, recall, and F1 value of the resource recommendation for ECA-CSGCN are higher than those of the other comparative models on the three experimental sample sets. Its RMSE values for recommendation accuracy are 0.75%, 0.69%, and 0.66%, respectively, which are better than other models. It indicates that the ECA-CSGCN resource recommendation algorithm performs better and is suitable for the task of English translation learning resource recommendations. Before the experiment, the independent samples t-test of English translation scores for the experimental group that adopts the informatised teaching path of English translation in this paper and the control group that adopts the traditional classroom teaching model shows that there is no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group (P=0.91>0.05). After the experiment, there is a significant difference between the two groups (P=0.02<0.05). It shows that the application effect of the computer-based approach to English translation teaching designed in this paper is better than traditional teaching methods, which helps to cultivate students’ professional competence in translation.

It is impossible for people to survive and develop without water, so water resources are an indispensable natural resource. Water resources are also a major strategic resource and play a great role in ensuring the stability and healthy development of the country and society. Parallel data processing involves the integration of multiple resources for cooperation. Parallel computing includes two ways: parallel computing in time and parallel computing in space. Time parallel is the calculation method of pipeline state, and spatial parallel is the simultaneous calculation of several computing systems. English translation is the innovation and improvement of English translation teaching in the classroom. Use information network technology to guide students to provide guidance and help to the courses before and after class and during class. Visualization of English translation education is mainly to teach knowledge to students through visual means, so as to teach and continue knowledge. The main method is to transform the original textual description method into a graphic design method, to reflect the linear expression of the presentation through multiple dimensions, to transform limited thinking into pioneering thinking, and to encourage students to construct the meaning of knowledge. This new course method is mainly based on students as the main element to create a framework for English classroom translation. By guiding students to establish relevant knowledge structures and using innovative methods and methods of smart classroom education, students can learn and communicate related courses in English, thereby improving the practical applicability of students’ English translation.

In order to reduce the workload of manual grading and improve the efficiency of grading, a computerized intelligent grading system for English translation based on natural language processing is designed. An attention-embedded LSTM English machine translation model is proposed. Firstly, according to the characteristics of the standard LSTM network model that uses fixed dimensional vectors to represent words in the encoding stage, an English machine translation model based on LSTM attention embedding is established; the structure level of the English translation scoring system is constructed. A linguistic model of the English translation scoring system is established, and the probability distribution of a particular sentence sequence or word sequence of the translated text is statistically calculated using the model. The results show that the English machine translation model based on LSTM attention embedding proposed in this study can enhance the representation of the source language contextual information and improve the performance of the English machine translation model and the quality of the translation compared with the English machine translation models constructed by existing neural network structures, such as standard LSTM models, RNN models, and GRU-Attention translation models.

The increasing popularity of computers and the high development of network technology make the use of computer technology in English translation more and more widely, especially in language intelligent translation, the application of multimedia technology can accommodate multi-type and multi-capacity information. The English multimedia intelligent translation method makes full use of the latest computer technology, network technology, multimedia technology, etc., so that English translation can cross the constraints of time and space, with great flexibility and interactivity. Making the presentation of translated materials more flexible and vivid is the most powerful tool to support the new translation model. It fundamentally changes the traditional translation method and provides new and efficient technical means for modern language translation. Blockchain technology is a new type of technology, which brings new opportunities for intelligent translation. This paper combined intelligent semantic ranking management with semantic association rule mining method, and analyzed three interactive English intelligent translation methods in detail. And it emphasized the important goal of interactive design, fully considered user experience factors, and conducted performance tests in an interactive English translation system. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional English machine translation method, the accuracy and recall rate of the English multimedia intelligent translation method are relatively high. At 100 iterations, the accuracy rate reaches 100%, and the recall rate reaches 92%, showing good translation performance.

Semantic understanding enhancement methods and deep learning are popular areas of artificial intelligence research and have significant potential in natural language processing. The English translation is one of the typical application scenarios combining these two technologies. In order to thoroughly analyze the information contained in English texts and improve the accuracy of English text translation, this study proposes an unbalanced Bi-LSTM model. Firstly, the BERT model is used to vectorize the original English corpus and extract the preliminary semantic features. Then, the unbalanced Bi-LSTM network is used to increase the weight of the textual information containing important semantics to further improve the effect of the key features on the recognition of the English text and, at the same time, an attention mechanism that introduces the word vectors is used to widen the gap between the key textual information and the non-key information, so as to improve the effect of the English translation. The accuracy of English text translation can be significantly enhanced by comparing the classification effect with various models, as shown by the results. The accuracy of the model can reach over 90% in about 60 pieces of translation training, and the mean square average is only 1.52. Its translation effect has won the recognition of more than 50% of professionals. The model's ability to translate English is evident.

Previous studies on the Yu jiaoli 玉嬌梨 (The Two Fair Cousins) often directly compared the English indirect translation with the Chinese original by neglecting the French translation as the intermedia, treating the two translators as one person and collectively referring to them as the “Westerners.” This article reexamines French translation and English indirect translation in the Anglo-French competition in the early 19th century. Influenced by the trend of Academic Sinology established in France and the dominating French way of intellectual trade between China and Europe, the French translation showed more faithfulness than literariness. However, the English translator was faced with the dilemma and choices of translation – relying on Abel-Rémusat’s good reputation and being more faithful to his translation or being deviated from the French translation by intentional mistranslations, abridgment, and deletions of the main text and the paratext under the multiple purposes of economy, politics, business, and culture. The English translator’s unfamiliarity with the Chinese language has inadvertently produced more mistranslations, further increasing the distance from the French translation.

The End of the Millennium in the Romanian Village. 2000. Ethnophonie CD 001. Recorded by Speranţa Rădulescu, Jacques Bouët, Bernart Lortat-Jacob, and Adriana Dan. Annotated by Speranţa Rădulescu. 8 pp. of notes in Romanian, English, and French. English translation by Margaret Beissinger, French translation by Jacques Bouët. 1 colour, 5 b/w photographs. 1 compact disc, 21 tracks (60:42). - Peasant Brass Bands from Moldavia: Zece Prăjini. 2000. Ethnophonie CD 002. Recorded by Speranţa and Valeriu Rădulescu. Annotated by Speranţa Rădulescu. 36 pp. of notes in English and French. English translation by Adrian Solomon and Dan Bora, French translation by Annie Bentoiu and Jacques Bouët. 3 colour, 4 b/w photographs. 1 compact disc, 18 tracks (58:11) - Outlaws of Yore (I). 2001. Ethnophonie CD 003. Recorded and annotated by Speranţa Rădulescu. 32 pp. of notes in English and French. English translation by Adrian Solomon, French translation by Annie Bentoiu and Jacques Bouët. 6 b/w photographs. 1 compact disc, 6 tracks (54:54). - Outlaws of Yore (II). 2001. Ethnophonie CD 004. Recorded and annotated by Speranţa Rădulescu. 36 pp. of notes in English and French. English translation by Adrian Solomon, French translation by Annie Bentoiu and Jacques Bouët. 8 b/w photographs. 1 compact disc, 8 tracks (57:34). - Romanian and Hungarian Music from Central Transylvania. 2001 Ethnophonie CD 005. Recorded by Speranţe Rădulescu, Costin Moisil, and Cristian Tarnoveţchi. Annotated by Speranţa Rădulescu. 24 pp. of notes in English and French. English translation by Adrian Solomon, French translation by Jacques Bouët. 3 colour, 5 b/w photographs. 1 compact disc, 17 tracks (63:54). - Romanian, Ukrainian, and Jewish Music from Maramureş. 2002. Ethnophonie CD 006. Recorded by Recorded by Speranţa and Valeriu Rădulescu, Costin Moisil, and Ioan Pop. Annotated by Speranţa Rădulescu. 32 pp. of notes in English and French. English translation by Adrian Solomon, French translation by Victor A. Stoichiţă. 3 colour, 7 b/w photographs. 1 compact disc, 15 tracks (60:46). - Gypsy Music from Transylvania. 2003. Ethnophonie CD 007. Recorded by Speranţa Rădulescu, Victor A. Stoichiţă, and Végh Oliver. Annotated by Speranţa Rădulescu and Emil Mihaiu. 24 pp. of notes in Romanian and English. English translation by Adrian Solomon. 3 colour, 6 b/w photographs. 1 compact disc, 21 tracks (64:22). - Roma and Gypsies from the Village of Gratia, Teleorman. 2004. Ethnophonie CD 008. Recorded by Speranţa and Valeriu Rădulescu. Annotated by Speranţa Rădulescu. 28 pp. of notes in Romanian and English. English translation by Adrian Solomon. 1 colour, 11 b/w photographs. 1 compact disc, 15 tracks (69:35). - Old Music from North Moldavia. 2004. Ethnophone CD 009. Recorded by Speranţa Rădulescu, Cristian Tarnoveţchi, and Florin Iordan. Annotated by Speranţa Rădulescu and Florin Iordan. 16 pp. of notes in Romanian and English. English translation by Adrian Solomon. 1 colour, 4 b/w photographs, 2 illustrations. 1 compact disc, 26 tracks (68:57). - Volume 38

News, as an important transmission medium, can accurately and rapidly transmit the latest events in the world to the audience timely and accurately, while its most important function is to disseminate information and convey opinions. Through the textual characteristics of news and the specific characteristics of Chinese news in English translation, by listing a large number of news and news translation cases, this paper will discuss the characteristics of news translation, as well as the commonly used translation strategies and the specific translation methods of Chinese news translation. It also analyses the feasibility of combining the domesticating and foreignizing strategies and translation methods in previous news translations according to the cases. It is expected that by using case studies of Chinese news translation and publicity in English to find out how to get the optimal Chinese news translation in English, in order guide better Chinese news translation in English in the future.

This article compares phraseological tendencies in translated vs. non-translated English through functionally classified 3-word sequences. The study builds on previous research that compared 3-grams in fiction texts originally written in English with fiction texts translated from Norwegian. The current investigation adds English translations from two additional languages – German and Swedish – with the aim of establishing to what extent the tendencies noted for English translations from Norwegian extend to English translations from other languages. Thus the study contributes to the discussion of translation universals and translation as a third code. At the level of 3-gram functions, it has been uncovered that English originals and translations share similar functional characteristics in eight of the fourteen categories identified. Of the remaining six, four show statistically significant differences between originals and translations, regardless of source language. Based on a more qualitative study of four specific 3-grams from two of these categories, it is concluded, in line with the previous studies, that the most likely explanations are source language(s) shining through and the (potentially universal) tendency for translators to use a smaller and more fixed set of expressions in their translations.

On 12 February 2020, while on an international tour promoting Behrouz Boochani’s No Friend but the Mountains: Writing from Manus Prison, the translator of the book, Omid Tofighian, participated in a seminar at Utrecht University, organised by Australian academic, Anna Poletti (associate professor of English language and culture, Utrecht University). Poletti is also co-editor of the journal Biography: an interdisciplinary quarterly, which published a special issue on No Friend but the Mountains in 2020 (Vol. 43, No. 4). The seminar involved Poletti, Tofighian and translation scholar, Onno Kosters (assistant professor of English literature and translation studies, Utrecht University) in conversation. Iranian–Dutch filmmaker, Arash Kamali Sarvestani, co-director with Boochani of the film Chauka, Please Tell Us the Time (2017), was in attendance, as well as the Dutch publisher, Jurgen Maas (Uitgeverij Jurgen Maas, Dutch translation based on the English translation). The event was titled ‘No Friend but the Mountains: Translation in Digital Times’. The following dialogue, ‘Translation in Digital Times: Omid Tofighian on Translating the Manus Prison Narratives’, is derived from this seminar and focuses on Tofighian’s translation of the book from Persian/Farsi into English. The topics covered also include the Dutch translation from Tofighian’s English translation, genre and anti-genre, horrific surrealism, Kurdish elements and influences, the Kurdish translation (from Tofighian’s English translation), publication of the Persian/Farsi original, translation as activism, process and technology.

Today is the era of economic globalization, and it is also an era of internationalization in which there are frequent exchanges and fierce competition in various aspects of knowledge, economy, culture and information. With the rapid development of economic and cultural knowledge, there is still a lack of a large number of highly capable, high-level and high-quality English translators. With the continuous deepening of reform and opening to the outside world, more and more units in the world need foreign language talents, and the demand for English listening, speaking and translation skills is also increasing. The purpose of this article is mainly to explore strategies to improve the effectiveness of college English translation teaching. The current college English translation teaching mostly adopts a textbook-based, single-form teaching method. This teaching mode is stimulated by behaviorism to a certain extent. This response theory has a certain learning effect, but it emphasizes interaction with us. The teaching philosophy is quite different. In the implementation of college English translation teaching, we can learn from each other and adopt a variety of teaching methods and methods, with students as the main body, modern educational technology and equipment as the carrier, creating a collaborative learning atmosphere, strengthening and improving English translation skills training, and testing teaching in practice And learning effect. The survey results show that through a variety of teaching methods that stimulate people's interest and the assistance of modern means and equipment, etc., it is beneficial to cultivate the interest of college teachers and students in English translation learning, and then enhance the effectiveness of college English translation teaching.