Between nationalism and solidarity: writing on the far right, anti-gender mobilisation and LGBTQ activism in Ukraine’s war context

This article examines the spatial strategies used by Montréal lesbian activists in the 1970s and 1980s to fight for the lesbian “right to the city.” After situating lesbian public activism within Henri Lefebvre's ideal of spatial justice, this article provides case studies of four moments during which Montréal lesbian activists joined or initiated public demonstrations as lesbians. The focus is on the multiple ways in which lesbian activists performed politicized lesbian identities in urban public spaces. Their spatial strategies in this first era of the lesbian and gay rights movement provide an alternative account of claiming lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer rights to the heterosexual city.

Chapter 8 demonstrates that support for marriage equality is the fastest liberalizing attitude in the history of American public opinion. Abortion rights and gay rights divide the American public along similar lines (by region, religiosity, and party affiliation), but gay rights has undergone a remarkable transformation, while attitudes toward abortion rights are relatively static. One reason for the difference is that gay people have come out of the closet, while abortion histories remain closeted. Chapter 8 also shows that support for marriage equality seems to have made Americans more appreciative of all kinds of queer rights, including transgender rights. Marriage equality reduced the stigmas faced by all queer people and paved the way for more appreciation of all kinds of gay rights, exactly as the proponents of marriage equality said that it would.

A new vision for bioethics training in global health

The article focuses on female same-sex intimacy, specifically so-called “mummy–baby” relationships among schoolgirls in contemporary South Africa. The underlying negotiations with colonial but also post-colonial discourses of sexuality, identity, and gender, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Intersex and Queer (LGBTIQ) rights, and the problem of naming, are examined here. While post-apartheid South Africa was the first country in the world to explicitly incorporate lesbian and gay rights within the Bill of Rights of the Constitution, the surrounding countries chose to exclude lesbians and gay men from citizenship rights by proclaiming, in a populist way, the idea of homosexuality as un-African, a discourse also forming within South Africa itself. The term “homosexuality”, as defined through more than three decades of feminism and gay liberation, however, does not describe the complexities of same-sex practices throughout history. “Mummy–baby” relationships as a culturally specific form of female same-sex intimacy, especially in relation to homosociality as a form of gender intimacy and the sexuality apparatus, are analysed here. The article looks at girls' relationships as spaces in which homosociality, same-sex intimacy, and erotic practices can join together; however, the latter is increasingly joined by homophobia. I argue that the “closet” violently jars with some same-sex relationships, such as “mummy–baby” relationships, because they have never been closeted as such.

The criticisms of “gay rights” as “special rights” are reflected back onto the issues and identities, including religious ones so dear to the right wing itself. Whether put forth by Irish-American queers, fundamentalist Christians, or the Ku Klux Klan, identity claims depend on public expression not only for recognition but also in part for their constitution. Whether queer practices are choices, the result of social construction, or even biologically determined to some degree, queer identities cannot be separated from the practices through which they are produced. This chapter describes the impasse at which liberalism has apparently arrived and the response of communitarian critics to that impasse. It provides suggestions for revising liberal notions about identity and rights. The chapter moves to the debate around queer rights claims, discussing both the rhetoric of special rights and the case law on the antigay ballot initiatives. It finally discusses the parameters of the new liberalism and queer rights.

Research on alcohol use presents several ethical challenges, and therefore, training of ethical alcohol researchers is particularly important. While the Helsinki Declaration (World Medical Association, 2001), Belmont Report (National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, 1978), and American Psychological Association's (APA) Ethics Code (2002) provide ethical guidelines and aspirational principles for researchers, there are a number of areas in which these principles allow for judgment. For trainees in particular, this ambiguity may be disconcerting. Along with these broader principles, there are also specific considerations for training alcohol researchers in the responsible conduct of research, which may further complicate matters for trainees. Although alcohol research is an important avenue for understanding a large public health concern and investigating risk and protective factors associated with use, it also presents a number of ethical and legal challenges for researchers. Working with high-risk drinking populations presents unique ethical and legal challenges in the areas of informed consent, confidentiality, compensation, and risk-benefit ratios. Additionally, alcohol administration studies present challenges for those supervising, as well as conducting, such experiments. New technology, such as the use of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) or other ambulatory assessment methods to examine risky and illegal behaviors, also presents new ethical challenges that are likely to continue to evolve in the coming years for trainees. Specific recommendations for handling a variety of concerns that may arise when conducting alcohol research are provided. Additionally, suggestions for improving the training of ethical alcohol researchers are discussed.

Theoretically, feminists ought to be the best deliberative democrats. However, political commitments (which this author shares) to inclusiveness on issues of reproductive health and gay and lesbian rights, for example, create a boundary within feminism between those committed to the “feminist consensus” on these issues and women activists who share some feminist commitments, but not all. This article offers theoretically and empirically informed suggestions for how feminists can foster inclusive deliberation within feminist spaces.

Given recent advances in queer visibility and rights within Western countries and internationally, the assumption around sexual issues is one of progress. Conversely, resistance to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, and questioning (LGBTIQ) rights is understood as a lack of progress in the modernization of the relevant society or population. This article suggests that one must understand resistance in a more complex framework, focusing on the opposition between Muslim cultures and LGBTIQ politics to illustrate this argument. This article argues that one should understand the dialectic of Islam versus queer rights as a process of triangulation and should describe how the positioning of queer rights and Muslim homophobia within a triangulated model invokes a sense of Western exceptionalism. Consequently, this article argues that the deployment of queer rights both at “home” and “abroad” operates in a “homocolonialist” fashion that renders resistant populations inferior in relation to superior Western values, rather than as simply “lagging behind” the West.

As dozens of countries around the world actively enforce antigay legislation or conduct antigay crackdowns, interest grows about research on “gaydar,” using nonverbal behavior to identify sexual orientation. Identifying sexual orientation based on perceptual cues is replete with social implications. Empirical evidence may add more fuel to the fire of hatred, discrimination, and punishment based on sexual orientation. This article addresses the highly charged debate on the ethics of research on identifying in‐group and out‐of‐group membership in an increasingly polarized world of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) rights through critical discourse analysis (CDA) of text appearing on a public Internet discussion board in response to gaydar research. Analysis at the macro level placed the narrative in the broader social context. Analysis at the meso level focused on logistics and audience. The micro level of analysis revealed language used to convey thoughts and beliefs about gaydar research and its implications.

For God and Gaga: Comparing the Same-Sex Marriage Discourse and Homonationalism in Canada and the United States

PurposeThis paper examines the ethical tensions in social entrepreneurship (SE) research by focusing on the ethical consequences of obtaining ethics approval in a university in the developed world while executing fieldwork for data collection in a developing country. It aims to offer insight into ethical research practice to protect vulnerable research participants from being further silenced and marginalised by the dominant social order that developed world universities embody.Design/methodology/approachThe ethical tensions are described through narratives drawn from a Filipino Ph.D. candidate's experience. The candidate obtained ethics approval from the university in New Zealand and collected interview data from social enterprise beneficiaries in the Philippines. A critical reflexive lens carves a space for a deepened understanding of these ethical tensions.FindingsThis paper offers critical insights into ethical SE research involving participants from vulnerable communities. These insights suggest that closer consideration needs to be given to contextual sensitivity, particularly on the part of researchers and research ethics committees, in crafting ethical data collection protocols. Findings also show how it is important for the indigenous researcher to filter ethical protocols through their local knowledge.Originality/valueThe paper uses critical reflexivity to examine ethical tensions in SE research involving vulnerable beneficiaries. It offers insights into ethical research procedures and practices that engender mindfulness of the contextual and relational aspects of doing SE research in the developing world.

In Computational Communication Science (CCS) researchers grapple with intricate ethical challenges arising from the collection and analysis of complex data sets, often including sensitive or copyrighted data. Taking into consideration differences between the two main lines of philosophical reasoning in the realm of (research) ethics—deontology and consequentialism—we argue that ethical challenges faced in CCS are multidimensional and, hence, require multiple perspectives and approaches. Our general considerations are complemented by an empirical study that aims to assess the nature, prevalence, and discussion of ethical issues in CCS literature. Through a manual content analysis of 476 CCS publications, we shed light on ethical challenges as well as reflections thereof by CCS researchers. Notably, we find that only 5.88% of studies explicitly address general ethical considerations. Ethical review processes are also only mentioned in 6.51% of the considered studies, with the majority focusing on specific ethical procedures, such as obtaining informed consent, data anonymization measures, or debriefing. This suggests that, in the absence of consensus and field-specific standards, researchers in CCS prioritize context-specific ethical procedures, emphasizing the importance of flexibility in addressing ethical considerations.

Contents: Preface. Part I: Scientific, Regulatory, and Family Perspectives. K. Hoagwood, P.S. Jensen, C.B. Fisher, Toward a Science of Scientific Ethics in Research on Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders. J.P. Porter, Regulatory Considerations in Research Involving Children and Adolescents With Mental Disorders. T.W. Osher, M. Telesford, Involving Families to Improve Research. Part II: Ethical Challenges Across Diverse Research Contexts. C.C. Attkisson, A. Rosenblatt, K. Hoagwood, Research Ethics and Human Subjects Protection in Child Mental Health Services Research and Community Studies. E.D. Hibbs, P. Krener, Ethical Issues in Psychosocial Treatment Research With Children and Adolescents. H. Leonard, P.S. Jensen, B. Vitiello, N. Ryan, J. March, M. Riddle, J. Biederman, Ethical Issues in Psychopharmacological Treatment Research With Children and Adolescents. L.E. Arnold, D.M. Stoff, E. Cook, Jr., C. Wright, D.J. Cohen, M. Kruesi, J. Hattab, P. Graham, A. Zametkin, F.X. Castellanos, W. McMahon, J.F. Leckman, Biologic Procedures: Ethical Issues in Research With Children and Adolescents. F.W. Putnam, M.B. Liss, J. Landsverk, Ethical Issues in Maltreatment Research With Children and Adolescents. Part III: Casebook. C.B. Fisher, K. Hoagwood, P.S. Jensen, Casebook on Ethical Issues in Research With Children and Adolescents With Mental Disorders. Part IV: Bridging Science and Ethics. E.G. DeRenzo, A Bioethicist's Perspective. P.S. Jensen, K. Hoagwood, C.B. Fisher, Bridging Scientific and Ethical Perspectives: Toward Synthesis.

The integrity of biomedical research depends heavily on the quality of research data collected. In turn, data quality depends on processes of data collection, a task undertaken by frontline research staff in many research programmes in Africa and elsewhere. These frontline research staff often have additional responsibilities including translating and communicating research in local languages, seeking informed consent for study participation and maintaining supportive relationships between research institutions and study participants and wider communities. The level of skills that fieldworkers need to undertake these responsibilities clearly affects the quality of data collected, the ethics of research ‘on the ground’ and the short and long term acceptability of research.We organised an international workshop in Kenya in July 2014 to discuss the role of frontline staff in scientific research. A total of 25 field managers from 9 African countries and the UK met for 2.5 days to discuss the relationship between data quality and institutional performance management systems and how they affect career progression and supportive supervision policies of research frontline staff.From this workshop, and supporting an expanding literature on the role of fieldworkers in international health research, participants agreed that fieldworkers’ roles present them with practical and ethical challenges that their routine training does not adequately prepare them for. We argue that the common and complex challenges facing fieldworkers should in part be addressed through increased investment and collaborative agreements across types of research institutions in Africa. We call for standardization of core elements of training for this critically important cadre of research staff who perform similar roles and encounter similar challenges in many African settings. Although many valuable training elements are offered in institutions, there is a need to develop broader, more grounded and innovative strategies to address complex realities for fieldworkers, and support the integrity and ethics of health research in these settings.

Ethical research in war zones is crucial yet underexplored, especially when analysed as a practice of freedom. Existing scholarship primarily focuses on safety challenges, the implications of researchers' outsider position, and the politicisation of research in war zones. This paper addresses the gap in understanding the emancipatory potential of ethical research, using the case of Ukrainian universities. It employs a statistical analysis of survey data and a thematic analysis of interviews, both conducted with members of the Ukrainian higher education community. This paper demonstrates that ethical research in war contexts not only supports higher education communities but also symbolises resistance against war-induced destruction. This study underscores the importance of developing ethical research practices in war zones, aligning with international standards despite severe domestic challenges. It informs research policies at both institutional and national levels in war zones, and contributes to international policy aimed at supporting higher education communities in these contexts.