Übersichtsarbeiten / Review Articles. Sexualisierte Gewalt und technologiegestützte sexualisierte Gewalt: Ein Überblick über die aktuelle Epidemiologie, Definitionen und deren Folgen für betroffene Kinder und Jugendliche / Sexual Abuse and Technology-Facilitated Sexual Abuse: An Overview of Current Epidemiology, Definitions, and Consequences for Affected Children and Adolescents

Taking the incidence of false child sexual abuse allegations more seriously

Introduction: Child sexual abuse is an extensive health and societal problem as even the lowest prevalence of child sexual abuse includes a huge number of victims who still need to be considered. Africa has the highest prevalence of child sexual abuse yet still with a paucity of literature on the subject matter. Objective: Describe the epidemiological and clinical profile of children victim of sexual abuse reported at the Yaounde Gynaeco-obstetric and Pediatric Hospital (YGOPH). Methods: A hospital based cross sectional descriptive study was conducted from January 1st, 2017 – December 31st, 2019 at the Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital. Consultation files were examined and identified cases of child sexual abuse (CSA) recruited. Epidemiological and clinical data of included participants were treated using a pre-established questionnaire. Collected data were entered and analysed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) software version 26.0 with p-values calculated following a one variable binomial sampling. Results: In total, data was assessed from 51,331 pediatric consultation files of which 127 cases of child sexual abuse met our inclusion criteria. The prevalence of child sexual abuse was 0.25%. Most victims of child sexual abuse were of the female gender (92%) from single parenting homes (36.8%) (p< 0.05) within two age groups < 5years (32.9%) and 10-15 years (32.9%). Perpetrators were in majority males (84%) of age ≥18 years (72.4%) and were persons known to the victims (73.7%) who proceeded by taking advantage of the victims’ trust. Vaginal penetration (57.9%) with vaginal lesions (59.2%) were the most encountered cases which were placed on highly active anti-retroviral prophylaxis however with poor clinical follow-up (35.5%) as the patients did not turn-up for their visits. Conclusion: Child sexual abuse though not addressed as a matter of urgency, yet it is a problem with a gradual upward trend in our community most especially as perpetrators are persons we are familiar with. Thus, a call for greater vigilance with regards to the guidance we leave our children with.

Purpose: Cases of child sexual abuse are becoming a serious social problem in Indonesia. The rising number of child sexual abuse cases from year to years are reported in various related institutions. It makes worried to the all of community because they can not keep an eye on their children for 24 hours.
 Methodology: The design of this study is qualitative research with literature review and theoretical review in which will looking for the right strategies for preventing child sexual abuse base on child developmental stage theory.
 Results: The results of research show that the place of child sexual abuse occurs not only in quiet places, even at home, as well as in the school where the child is studying .The gap between the child’s knowledge of how to protect themself from the threat of sexual abuse has led to the need to establish a program of preventing child sexual abuse and needs the right strategy for preventing child sexual abuse based on their developmental stages, so the cases of sexual abuse in children can be minimized.
 Implication: One effective strategy to minimize cases of child sexual abuse is self-protection training program. This program lead to equip children with knowledge to identify patterns of sexual abuse and how to deal with them. This program also primarily aimed at every child who is vulnerable to becoming a victim of sexual abuse. That is why a special appropriate strategy for the prevention of child sexual abuse is required for children. In the future, every child will get information on the prevention of sexual abuse more accurately based on the their stage of development.

BackgroundChildren are vulnerable to abuse and violence because their level of development makes them unable to protect themselves. Such adversities during early childhood may have a negative impact on the future lives of the victims.This study was done to determine the delay to hospital presentation, clinical manifestations and immediate health effects of child sexual abuse in two tertiary care hospitals in Ethiopia.MethodsWe reviewed records of all cases of child sexual and physical abuse between January 2011 and December 2012. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to test the presence and strength of association between time to reporting to hospital and, age and sex of the victim, place of residence and relation of the victim to the perpetrator. Odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were generated. Significance was taken as p-value < 0.05.ResultsDuring the study period, we identified records of 275 children who were seen for alleged physical and sexual abuse; they accounted for 0.6% of the outpatient department (OPD) visits. The majority of the victims were cases of sexual abuse (97.3%) and most of them were female (75.7%). The mean age of the victims was 9.5 years (standard deviation (SD) = 4.2 years). The majority of the abusers were known to the victim (73.0%) and male (98.8%). Neighbors (38.95%), teachers (7.9%) and relatives (13.4%) were the most commonly reported perpetrators. The median length of time taken to present to hospital after the abuse incident was 4 days (range = 2 hours to 3 years). Male victims were 2.4 times more likely to have a delay of greater than one week to present to hospital (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR), 2.40; 95% Confidence interval (CI), 1.34-4.31; P-value = 0.002). Sexual abuse was associated with various immediate health effects, for example, hymenal tear, urinary tract infection and, perineal laceration or tear.ConclusionPresentation for care was often delayed. Male sex was independently associated with a delayed presentation to care. We recommend that further studies are carried out to identify the reasons for delay to reporting and design mechanisms to address them.

Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Disparities in Substantiated Child Maltreatment: A State-Level Analysis of U.S. Incidence Rates.

Research on the etiology of dissociation in adults has focused primarily on childhood sexual abuse. The role of co-occurring childhood stressors and of more chronic adverse conditions such as neglect is less clear. This study examined the level of dissociation in relation to childhood trauma (sexual/physical abuse, witnessing interparental violence), early separation from a parent, and perceived parental dysfunction. One hundred sixty inpatients consecutively admitted to a general psychiatric hospital were administered the Dissociative Experiences Scale and the Structured Trauma Interview. The mean Dissociative Experiences Scale score was 17.4; 18.0% of the patients scored beyond 30. Early separation was reported by 26.4% of the patients; 30.1% had witnessed interparental violence; 23.6% reported physical abuse; 34.6% reported sexual abuse; 11.7% reported rape before age 16; and 42.1% reported sexual and/or physical abuse. The level of dissociation was primarily related to reported overwhelming childhood experiences (sexual and physical abuse). When sexual abuse was severe (involving penetration, several perpetrators, lasting more than 1 year), dissociative symptoms were even more prominent. Highest dissociation levels were found in patients reporting cumulative sexual trauma (intrafamilial and extrafamilial) or both sexual and physical abuse. In particular, maternal dysfunction was related to the level of dissociation. With control for gender and age, stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that the severity of dissociative symptoms was best predicted by reported sexual abuse, physical abuse, and maternal dysfunction. These findings indicate that dissociation, although trauma-related, is neglect-related as well. This implies the importance of object relations and attachment in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with dissociative disorders.

Father-Daughter Incest

PROTOCOL: School‐based education programmes for the prevention of child sexual abuse

Prevalence and psychological sequelae of self-reported childhood physical and sexual abuse in a general population sample of men and women

Objective To examine a statewide sample of school counsellors' reporting behaviour of suspected cases of child sexual abuse, and their need for further education in this area. Design A questionnaire using four hypothetical vignettes on child sexual abuse requested information on the degree of suspicion, reporting behaviour and familiarity with the reporting procedures for child sexual abuse in state schools in particular, and the state in general. Setting Although school counsellors in Queensland, Australia have been delegated with responsibilities regarding child sexual abuse, little is known about whether or not they have the appropriate reporting behaviours to fulfil these roles, and their training needs. Metliod Some 283 questionnaires were mailed to all school counsellors employed by the Department of Education across Queensland. The final sample of 122 counsellors consisted of 52 males (43 per cent) and 70 females (57 per cent); a ratio comparable to the membership of the state Counselling Association. Results There was a tendency for school counsellors to under-report their suspicions of child sexual abuse. School counsellors were more likely to suspect abuse than report cases to the appropriate authorities. A considerable proportion of school counsellors in Queensland also believe they have little knowledge of the symptoms that identify cases of child sexual abuse, lack counselling skills and procedures to work with sexually abused children, and do not have the necessary training and knowledge to act as resource persons. All school counsellors expressed interest in attending in-service education programmes addressing knowledge, detection, intervention, prevention and treatment of child sexual abuse and other forms of child abuse. Conclusion School counsellors are in a unique position to aid in the battle against child sexual abuse. However, the results of the present study suggest that they lack confidence in their ability to identify and work with children who have been sexually abused. Consequently, the develop ment and implementation of training programmes to increase school counsellors'skills and knowledge of child sexual abuse seem to be crucial in fighting this crime against children. Because of the significant deficits found here in counsellors' professional responses to child sexual abuse, it seems necessary, then, for future research to address the type, nature and duration of support school counsellors need in this area, including emotional factors, which may well intervene in the process. Research could also address the range of policies that could identify quality of relationships and inter-professional partnerships with other helping professionals and government organisations such as the Department of Families, Department of Health, Children's Commission, police, social workers, private counsellors, and, of course, school teachers, in order to promote whole school approaches to enhancing the welfare of all children.

The nature and frequency of reported cases of teacher perpetrated child sexual abuse in rural primary schools in Zimbabwe

Using objective measures, the authors found a high rate of childhood sexual and physical abuse in a sample of 66 female psychiatric inpatients. Childhood abuse experiences were correlated with severity of adult psychiatric symptoms. The authors explore the usefulness of adult psychological symptoms, diagnoses, and prescribed medications as factors in the identification of patients who have histories of early sexual and physical abuse.

The incidence and prevalence of intrafamilial and extrafamilial sexual abuse of female children

A taxonomy of duties to report child sexual abuse: Legal developments offer new ways to facilitate disclosure.

ABSTRACT: Sexual abuse is one of the most common traumatic events that occurs throughout the history of mankind all over the world, in all societies and cultures. purpose of the article is focus on and understand the role of improvisational music therapy in working with clients who experienced sexual abuse in their childhood. Special attention is given the role of improvisation in exposing, dealing with and healing the trauma. nature of the trauma, the function of the therapeutic process, the role of the therapist and the role of improvisation in working with traumatized clients are being described and discussed. This is followed by a case example that presents two years of work with a 32 year-old woman, who came music therapy due an inability make meaningful connections in her adult life and other problems as well. therapeutic process is divided and examined in four developmental stages that include description of the process and therapist's reflections. examination of the process indicates the powerful role that improvising music might have in bringing up, dealing with and integrating memories of sexual abuse into the client's conscious existence. Introduction Sexual abuse is one of the most common traumatic events that occurs throughout the history of mankind all over the world, in all societies and cultures (Forward, 2002; Sorensen & Snow, 1991). Reported cases of child sexual abuse reached epidemic proportions, with a 322 percent increase in the United States alone from 1980 1990 (Sorensen & Snow, 1991). It is estimated that there are 60 million survivors of childhood sexual abuse in America today (Forward, 2002). is a kind of wound. When we call an event traumatic, we are borrowing the word from the Greek where it refers a piercing of the skin, a breaking of the bodily envelope (Garland, 1998, p. 9). mind can also be pierced and wounded by events (Freud, 1920). Trauma can be a wound that stays inside a person for a long time. Sutton (2002) explains that there is a complexity of influences that reaches far beyond the place and time when the trauma actually happened. Traumatic events are often not shared with others. Most of the time, they are totally suppressed. The inability rehearse, through thinking, talking or writing about our traumatic experiences is instrumental in the genesis of traumatic forgetting, says Whitfield (1995, p. 20). In the case of sexual abuse in childhood, dissociation is often employed by children who cannot escape from the threat of abuse, as a means of mentally withdrawing from a horrific situation by separating it from conscious awareness. secret is being created and its power allows the victim feel detached from the body or self, as if what is happening is not happening (Widom, 1995). Music therapy can play an important role in exposing, dealing with, and healing the trauma. Musical improvisations are musical acts that can bring out hidden, unconscious material and make it conscious and available the client. By using analytic-musical techniques the trauma of the past can be discovered and dealt with. Nature of the Trauma Sexual abuse that originated in childhood can be such a traumatic experience that one typically cannot really deal with it and it is therefore pushed away from the conscious awareness and denied. However, it continues be active in a different form, such as a disturbance in the function of the ego or a neurosis. denial of abuse is described by Summit (1983) as a getting used to syndrome of a child who was sexually abused. It means that the child tries turn a threatening situation, person or environment into a less threatening one. This is done as a way survive, and a secret is being created. Children and adults keep the secret a long time after the abuse stopped. On one hand, the unconsciously internalized figure of the terrifying and punishing abuser makes sure that the anxiety and the emotions that have do with the abuse exist in a very alive form in the unconscious, while on the other hand keeping the secret in the unconscious allows the continuation of accepting love from the abuser on a conscious level. …