Abstract
Abstract Although IPML is focused on the role that penal law can play in reducing the amount of wrongdoing, Bentham acknowledges that other forces can have this effect through their “sanctions.” His concept of a sanction is explained. He somewhat mischaracterizes the religious and moral sanctions. For his purposes the religious sanction should be defined so as to include social processes premised on false religious beliefs. Bentham sometimes connects the moral sanction to the love of reputation, but in effect benevolence is the “internal” or psychological manifestation of moral consciousness. Bentham’s discussion here and elsewhere in IPML makes clear that the “political sanction,” or “penal law,” is what’s now called criminal law.
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