Abstract
Many anti-obesity chemicals have been withdrawn from the market due to serious adverse reactions, and the researchers have turned their attention to low-toxic natural products. Previous studies have demonstrated that chitosan (CTS) and chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) were low-toxic natural products for the use of weight loss. However, it is still unclear whether CTS and COS have positive effects on the thermogenesis. In this study, CTS and COS significantly reduced the weight gain of rats without affecting food intake and effectively inhibited adipose tissue hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Consistently, CTS and COS significantly increased the thermogenic capacity of obese rats induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and increased the expression of browning genes and proteins (UCP1, PGC1α, PRMD16, and ATF2) in white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). In vitro, COS inhibited the formation of mature adipocytes and increased the expression of browning genes. In conclusion, COS and CTS was used to explore the function and mechanism on thermogenesis, and CTS and COS can increase the browning of WAT and the thermogenesis of BAT to inhibit obesity. This effect may be achieved by promoting the expression of browning and thermogenic genes, providing new ideas for the utilization of COS and CTS.
Highlights
Obesity is an increasing burden on the human health care system, and the effective control and treatment of obesity can significantly decrease the incidence of other related metabolic syndromes, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and other serious disorders [1]
By weighing different types of fat, we found that the brown fat content of the COST, COSM, and CTS groups was significantly increased (Table S7)
The results showed that COST, COSM, and CTS increased oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide release in obese rats (Figure 2A,B) and increased respiratory entropy (RER) and heat production in obese rats (Figure 2C,D)
Summary
Obesity is an increasing burden on the human health care system, and the effective control and treatment of obesity can significantly decrease the incidence of other related metabolic syndromes, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and other serious disorders [1]. Molecules 2019, 24, 4455 tablets (Contrive), and liraglutide injection [2,3] These drugs have significant effects on the treatment of obesity, the FDA has warned about these drugs because of their serious adverse reactions and side effects in the cardiovascular, central nervous system, and gastrointestinal tract. These side effects and adverse reactions limit their sales and use in the market, and bring greater medication pressure to patients [3]. Compared with the other five anti-obesity drugs, orlistat has fewer side effects, and it is currently the only authorized supplemental anti-obesity drug in many countries and regions [4]
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