Abstract
Acute kidney injury is a common complication of Hemiscorpius lepturus (HL) scorpion envenomation, via several mechanisms including pigment nephropathy, direct nephrotoxic effects of scorpion venom, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), and acute interstitial nephritis. ADAMTS13 deficiency is highly prevalent in patients with severe HL scorpion envenomation and is effective in the development of HUS. Fresh frozen plasma (FFP), by replacing ADAMTS13, has proven effects on HL scorpion envenomated patients with HUS. This study evaluated the role of FFP in reducing of kidney injuries in complicated cases. In this open label randomized clinical trial, a total of 98 patients with massive hemoglobinuria following HL scorpion envenomation were included in the intervention and control groups (49 patients per group). The intervention group received FFP (10 cc/kg every 12 hours for three days) in addition to the anti-venom and other current therapies. Laboratory findings of renal activity, hemolysis, and urinalysis were evaluated in both groups, and maximum changes were compared. Comparison of maximum changes in laboratory findings between the two groups showed that administration of FFP can significantly reduce the deterioration of Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and Creatinine (Cr) levels in the intervention group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively). In comparison with the control group, the incidence of proteinuria was significantly lower (p = 0.012), reduction of platelet count was significantly less (p = 0.044), and increase of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and leukocytosis was lower in the intervention group (p = 0.037 and p = 0.007, respectively). The mean length of hospital stay was 5.44 days in the intervention group and 5.933 days in the control group (p = 0.149). According to the present findings, FFP can significantly reduce the development of kidney damage after HL scorpion envenomation and can be safely used against the fatal progression of venom complications in severe cases, along with other common treatments.
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