Beliefs, Attitudes and Behaviors Related to Sexual Consent in Complex Sexual Scenarios

Because many young adults do not consistently give and receive explicit consent in their sexual relationships, it is important to identify factors associated with sexual consent attitudes and behaviour. In this study, we assessed the extent to which sexual health education, sexual consent education, sexual attitudes, and perceptions of social norms were associated with sexual consent attitudes and behaviour. Participants were 196 undergraduate students between the ages of 18 and 25 enrolled at an eastern Canadian university. At the bivariate level, we found evidence for the importance of sexual consent education by parents, sexual attitudes, and perceptions of social norms with respect to sexual consent attitudes and behaviour. Multiple regression analyses showed that more positive perceptions of social norms, more liberal sexual attitudes, and more sexual consent education from parents were uniquely associated with lower negative attitudes towards sexual consent and more consistent use of explicit sexual consent. More positive perceptions of social norms and less sexual experience were uniquely associated with more positive sexual consent attitudes. Only perception of social norms was uniquely associated with less use of an indirect behavioural approach to establishing consent. The results are interpreted in terms of their implications for enhancing sexual consent attitudes and behaviour among young people.

Sexual violence or misconduct can occur at any age, yet sexual consent understanding is not well studied, especially beyond early adulthood. This project aimed to describe how sexual consent is conceptualized across the adult lifespan, drawing comparisons between young, middle-aged, and older adults. Additionally, we examined variables that may differ by age group and influence sexual consent conceptualization. In a survey, young adults (n= 266), middle-aged adults (n= 236), and older adults (n= 51) were asked to define sexual consent and complete a measure on the appropriateness of giving and receiving consent in different types of sexual relationships. Participants also reported on their exposure to formal sex education and their current sexual relationship status. More than half (57.4%) of participants included basic elements of a simple core definition (agreement in reference to sexual acts), and most (63.3%) expanded beyond a simple definition. Age groups differed significantly on variables expected to influence sexual consent definitions, including exposure to sexual education and sexual consent attitudes. Age group differences were not found when examining the simple core definition, but young adults and middle-aged adults differed significantly in their expansion on the definition. Sexual consent attitudes were also significantly related to the scope of the supplied definition. These findings suggest that sexual consent definitions vary in scope across at least a portion of the lifespan and that the importance placed on sexual consent may be a reasonable intervention target regardless of age differences in sexual experience and education.

An essential component of healthy sexual exploration is the understanding of sexual consent. Unfortunately, sexual consent is not consistently taught in sex education programs developed for adolescents. Furthermore, although early adolescence is a critical developmental period for the formation of sexual identity, norms, attitudes, and relationships, this population is underrepresented in the sexual consent literature. To fill this important gap, this study examined the sexual consent beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors of 254 middle school students from a large, urban city in the province of Ontario. Correlates and predictors of sexual consent endorsement were tested via bivariate and multiple regression analyses. Greater perceived negative sanctions of dating violence and higher endorsement of gender stereotypes emerged as variables significantly related to and predictive of sexual consent attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and affirmative consent norms. Gender was also a significant correlate, as girls were more likely than boys to endorse affirmative sexual consent beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors. The findings highlight important group differences and provide guidance for the design and implementation of sexual education and prevention programs.

Caring for children is fundamental for their development. It can, however be hindered by the psychological, economic, and contextual conditions of caregivers. This study assessed caregivers’ profiles in a sample of low-income Colombians (n = 495) based on attitudes toward childcare, perceived behavioral control, subjective norm, self-efficacy in childcare, and sexist attitudes. Three profiles were identified: the first profile included caregivers with intermediate scores in attitudes towards childcare and self-efficacy, low sexist attitudes and low subjective norms; the second comprised caregivers with lower attitudes towards childcare, self-efficacy, and behavioral intention, with moderate scores in subjective norms and sexist attitudes; the third profile consisted of participants with the most positive attitudes toward childcare, and with the most sexist attitudes towards caregiving. This study shows caregiver profiles in terms of childcare self-perception, dimensions of the theory of planned behavior, and sexist attitudes toward childcare in a population underrepresented in the literature.

Background:High prevalence of sexual dysfunction results from inadequate knowledge or inappropriate attitude toward the natural phenomenon of sexual desire. This study aimed to define sexual knowledge and attitude among girls who were getting married and referred to Yas pre-marriage counseling center.Materials and Methods:This research was a descriptive analytical study. The information of 165 girls, who were about to get married, were collected through convenient sampling using a researcher-made questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 software. Inferential statistical method and Pearson correlation were used for data analysis.Results:Results showed that the mean scores of sexual knowledge and attitude among the participants were 57.42 and 69.02, respectively. There was a significant association between the mean scores of sexual knowledge and sexual attitude (P < 0.001, r = 0.63).Conclusions:Results showed that the participants had relatively appropriate knowledge and attitude toward sexual relationship.

Americans' Attitudes Toward Mental Health Treatment Seeking: 1990-2003

Although depictions of sexual consent are rare in the media, such portrayals have the potential to instruct young people on the procedural details of sexual consent. Taking an entertainment-education (E-E) perspective, we examined the effects of a televised depiction of sexual consent that contained verbal sexual consent, versus a televised depiction that only included nonverbal sexual consent, versus a no-exposure control group to test for changes in college students’ attitudes and behavioral intentions toward sexual consent. In the pretest-posttest experimental design, those who were assigned to the nonverbal video condition reported less favorable attitudes about sexual consent between pretest and posttest. Additionally, interpersonal liking was an important facilitator of the E-E impact of the verbal sexual consent condition; the more the participants liked the characters in the verbal condition, the more positively about sexual consent they felt and the more likely they were to plan to engage in sexual consent. Narrative engagement did not mediate the effects of experimental condition on sexual consent attitudes and behavioral intentions. The implications for E-E are discussed.

BACKGROUND Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) generally have poor knowledge, attitude, and practice of their disease, while the data from China are lacking. AIM To address this knowledge disparity among Chinese patients with IBD. METHODS This web-based, cross-sectional study was conducted on a cohort of IBD patients who visited the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University between December 2022 and February 2023. Their socio-demographic information and the knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were collected and estimated using a self-designed questionnaire. Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to determine the pairwise correlations among knowledge, attitude, and practice scores. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was further performed to determine the independent factors associated with their knowledge, attitude, and practice scores. RESULTS A total of 353 patients (224 males) with IBD completed the questionnaires. The mean knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 10.05 ± 3.46 (possible range: 0-14), 41.58 ± 5.23 (possible range: 0-56), 44.20 ± 7.39 (possible range: 0-56), respectively, indicating good knowledge, positive attitude, and proactive practice toward IBD. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that the knowledge score had significant positive correlations with the attitude score (r = 0.371, P &lt; 0.001) and practice score (r = 0.100, P &lt; 0.001). The attitude score had a significant positive correlation with the practice score (r = 0.452, P &lt; 0.001). Moreover, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that aged 30-40 years [odds ratio (OR) = 4.06, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04-15.82, P = 0.043], middle school education (OR = 3.98, 95%CI: 1.29-12.33, P = 0.017), high school/technical secondary school education (OR = 14.06, 95%CI: 3.92-50.38, P &lt; 0.001), and junior college/bachelor’s degree and above education (OR = 15.20, 95%CI: 4.15-55.650, P &lt; 0.001) were independently associated with good knowledge. The higher knowledge score was independently associated with a positive attitude (OR = 1.23, 95%CI: 1.11-1.36, P &lt; 0.001). The higher attitude score was independently associated with proactive practice (OR = 1.20, 95%CI: 1.11-1.30, P &lt; 0.001). CONCLUSION Chinese patients with IBD might have good knowledge, a positive attitude, and proactive practice toward their disease. However, a small number of specific items require education.

Adolescents frequently experience perceived and actual barriers to sexual and reproductive healthcare related to confidentiality, access, and their relationship with healthcare providers. Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) are well positioned to work with adolescents in a variety of non-acute care settings to provide preventative sexual healthcare services. No studies have recorded Nurse Practitioners' (NPs) and Certified Nurse Midwives'/Certified Midwives' (CNMs/CMs) adolescent sexual health knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there were any differences between Women's Health Nurse Practitioners (WHNPs) and CNMs/CMs whose educational programs have a concentration in sexuality, and APRNs from other specialties (ANPs, FNPs, PNPs, and PMHNPs) regarding knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs toward adolescents' sexual health. The study used a cross-sectional, descriptive comparative design. A convenience sample was recruited through the National Association of Nurse Practitioners in Women's Health (NPWH) and the Nurse Practitioner Association- New York State (NPA) e-newsletters and surveyed online with The Sex Knowledge Attitude Test (SKAT), the Sexuality Attitudes and Beliefs Survey (SABS), and the National Violence Against Women Survey (NVAWS) to assess sexual health knowledge, sexuality attitudes, beliefs about addressing adolescent's sexual health, and personal experience of sexual violence. One open ended question elicited responses of qualitative data. Demographic data of participants (n = 204) were analysed and 171 participants finished the online survey. Multiple logistic regression analysis shows that the WHNP/CNM/CM group have significantly more positive beliefs about addressing adolescents' sexual health than the Other NPs group, [beta] = -3.36, p = .003. Chi-square of attitude scores by region of the U.S. show that positive attitudes toward adolescent sexuality vary significantly with the South showing the least positive attitude scores (p &lt; .01). Religion (not being Christian), [beta] = 1.69, p = .04, and religiosity (frequency of attending religious services), [beta] = -6.05, p &lt; .0001, were significant predictors of adolescent sexuality attitudes. In addition, results of logistic regression of sexual health knowledge, and adolescent sexuality attitudes between the WHNP/CNM/CM group and the Other NPs group trends towards significance. The open ended question was analyzed using content analysis. Categories and constructs derived from respondents (n = 29, 17%) further support the quantitative findings, such as adolescents' lack of access to comprehensive sexual health education and sexual health care services led by APRNs, discomfort in addressing adolescent's sexual health, and the need for further adolescent sexual health education. Further research needs to be done with a larger sample size and more advanced knowledge questions for APRNs. Competency-based curriculum in the area of adolescent sexual health that promotes professional values and compassionate care in educational programs for APRNs is essential to improve adolescent's access to sexual healthcare services and outcomes.

Sexual Attitude and Perception on Sexual Relationship Among Long‐Term Users of Sildenafil

Evaluating the knowledge of and attitudes toward epilepsy among Turkish undergraduate nursing students: A cross-sectional study

College students’ views on sexual consent are developed in discussion with their peers and impacted by the traditional sexual script. This script prescribes gender roles that encourage men's coercion and facilitate victim‐blame. This heteronormative script may be less applicable to sexual minority individuals during same‐gender sexual relationships and to gender minority individuals, who often hold more fluid views on gender. We examine the consent attitudes and perceived rape‐supportive peer norms of American gender and sexual minority (GSM) college students. Using archival data from a campus climate survey (N = 2040), we conducted a series of chi‐square analyses to compare student consent attitudes and perceptions of rape‐supportive peer norms by GSM status and gender. GSM students (vs. cisgender heterosexual students) and women and nonbinary people (vs. men) reported higher support for sexual consent. Having an identity that differs from the roles prescribed in traditional sexual scripts may confer an advantage in developing prosocial views of sexual consent.

The current study examined how nonconsensual sexual experiences (NSE) and the self-identification of such experiences as sexual assault play a role in the relationship between rape myth acceptance and sexual consent attitudes. Undergraduate women ( N = 296) completed measures on sexual consent attitudes, their sexual experiences, and rape myth acceptance. Participants were categorized into three groups: those with no NSEs, those with NSEs who identify them as sexual assault (identifiers), and those with NSEs who do not identify them as sexual assault (non-identifiers). Multiple regression analyses to test the moderating effects of group membership on the relationship between rape myth acceptance and sexual consent attitudes were conducted. Results indicated that non-identifiers reported less positive attitudes toward establishing consent and more indirect behavioural approaches to consent than both identifiers and those with no NSE histories. Greater rape myth acceptance was significantly related to a lack of perceived behavioural control and less positive attitudes toward establishing consent in identifiers and those with no NSEs, as well as less awareness and discussion around consent in those with no NSEs. Conversely, rape myth acceptance was not significantly associated with any consent attitudes in non-identifiers. The findings suggest that NSE identification, or a lack of identification of NSEs as sexual assault, is significantly related to sexual consent attitudes that are independent of rape myth acceptance. These findings are discussed in terms of sexual violence education and prevention and future research considerations.

Background Sexuality is one of the activities of living, and a person’s sexual desire and actions can continue into old age. Even though it is a basic need for a person, organisations can often ignore this activity. Staff in the healthcare sector showed a lack of knowledge and negative attitudes towards sexuality in older persons. Older persons usually keep silent about it due to embarrassment, lack of knowledge and lack of communication. The negative attitude and lack of knowledge regarding sexuality reflects that the staff require education and other interventions to improve their knowledge and attitude towards aged sexuality. The purpose of this literature review is to identify staff knowledge and attitudes towards sexuality in older persons. Methods A literature search was conducted in the CINAHL, PubMed, Embase, Science Direct and MEDLINE databases, published from 2007. The number of articles was reduced to 10,123 when the search topic included knowledge and attitudes of staff about sexuality and sexual relationships in older persons. After screening of period, age limited, English language, title and abstract, the result was reduced to 22. Results The literature review found very insufficient studies about staff knowledge and attitudes about sexuality in older persons within the last 11 years and could not find any studies conducted in Ireland. The review appears to demonstrate that the knowledge of staff regarding sexuality and sexual relationships in older persons are inadequate. Most of the studies showed that the staff attitude towards aged sexuality remains negative. Conclusion It is evident that staff’s positive attitude will resolve one of the leading barriers to expressing sexuality. The studies show that education and training programmes for staff, supported by policies and procedures, are the important interventions that are required. The findings of this review suggest that more research and interventions are needed for health workers towards sexual relations in older persons.

What role can the criminal law play in the battle against child sexual abuse? Should sexual relations of and with, persons under a certain age be criminalized regardless of the circumstances, even if they are consensual ("age of consent," "minimum age")? Where should such a minimum age-limit be fixed? Should there be a special, higher age-limit for particular conditions (e.g., "seduction," "corruption")? Should sexual contacts with minors within a relationship of authority be criminalized generally, or just if authority is abused? Should criminal proceedings be instituted ex officio or upon complaint only? Should authorities be provided with a power of discretion or should they be obliged to prosecute and sentence in each case? In answering these questions, it is highly beneficial to have a look across the borders to the solutions other countries have reached. This study presents an overview on the criminal law governing the sexual behavior of, and with, children and adolescents in all European jurisdictions and in selected jurisdictions outside of Europe. It shows which categories of offences exist and from which age onward young people can effectively consent to various kinds of sexual behavior and relations in the different countries. All states in Europe and all of the studied jurisdictions overseas have minimum age limits for sexual relations, and punish sexual relations with persons under a certain age. Nowhere is this age set lower than 12 years. In Europe, in one-half of the jurisdictions, consensual sexual relations with 14-year-old adolescents are legal; in three-quarters, with 15-year olds; in a majority, this is also the case when the older partner has started the relation (and also when the initiative contains an offer of remuneration). In nearly all jurisdictions, such relations are legal from age 16 onward. Most states apply a higher age limit for contacts in relationships of authority. If the authority is not misused, the age limit in most jurisdictions is set between 14 and 16; if it is misused, between 16 and 18. Most states make no difference between heterosexual and homosexual relations.