Abstract
In today scenario, urbanization and related infrastructure development in the form of an excavation adjacent to the existing structure are inevitable. In this case, the stability of an existing structure closer to the excavation is a serious concern. The main issue here is that, what is the safe distance at which new construction can take place from the existing structure? There are many research articles that states on the failure of an existing structure due to new construction adjacent to it in the form of excavations. Given the above, the paper presents the numerical results based on the finite element analyses that were performed for various parameters to examine the behaviour of existing square footing due to the effect of adjacent excavations in loose sand using PLAXIS3D software. In the finite element analysis, the behaviour of the footing and sheet pile walls were modelled using a linear elastic material and the elastoplastic behaviour of soil was modelled using a Mohr-Coulomb model under drained conditions. The literature available on this topic reveals that the excavation dimensions, shape of the footing, depth of the footing, location of the footing from the excavation, relative stiffness factor and relative density of sand are influencing the response of existing footing. Two different shapes of excavations such as a long length with narrow excavation under plane strain condition and short length of excavation under three-dimensional conditions were considered in this study. Numerical results indicate that the response of the square footing due to the effect of adjacent excavations are very much significant and mainly depends on the size of the excavation. The vertical and horizontal displacement, bending moment of the footing is increasing with an increase in depth of excavation. The footing located very closer to the excavation is significantly influenced as compared to the footing located far away from the excavation. The safe location of the square footing based on the settlement criteria is found to be 1.3 m from the excavation for shorter length excavation under three-dimensional conditions and 10 m for longer length of excavation under three-dimensional conditions.
Highlights
Urban development has created various geotechnical challenges as the city keeps developing an infrastructure both vertically and horizontally
The numerical results were obtained from the parametric studies on the square footing concerning the effect of various parameters are discussed
The results presented here are pertaining to the square footings having the dimensions of 1.5 m × 1.5 m, 2.0 m × 2.0 m, 3.0 m × 3.0 m, while the depth of the footing remaining constant as 1 m
Summary
Urban development has created various geotechnical challenges as the city keeps developing an infrastructure both vertically and horizontally. Even when the excavation base is of a supported type, the ground movement is majorly dependent on the thickness of the weak soil layer beneath the bottom of an excavation, the depth of the Karthigeyan Shanmugam et al.: Behaviour of Square Footing Due to the Effect of Adjacent Excavation in Sand wall below the bottom of the excavation, and the stiffness of the wall. The minimum distance of excavation from the existing structure can be estimated based on allowable stresses and displacement of the ground by simulating the exact field situations, load and even construction procedure using the PLAXIS software [6]. A 15 - node wedge element with a quadratic variation of displacement was used for simulating the soil continuum obeying a Mohr-Coulomb model under drained conditions
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