Behavioral Engagement Mediates the Relationship Between Main Idea Summarization and Multiple Document Comprehension

One of the main goals of the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) course is to facilitate the development of learners’ reading comprehension and reflective skills in English, which can be developed with appropriate instruction. However, in EFL courses, many students are inactive in reflecting on their reading and are disengaged from learning. To fill this gap, a reflective reading-based e-learning approach was proposed to explore the impact of the suggested approach on reading comprehension, reflective thinking, and behavioral engagement. The study aimed to improve the comprehension of the student’s reading using the proposed reflective e-learning approach. The study employed a quasi-experimental design in which the experimental group used reflective reading-based e-learning (n = 51) and the control group used conventional e-learning (n = 50) for a total of 13 weeks of participation. The experiment was designed to examine reading comprehension, reflective thinking, and behavioral engagement (e.g., reading time, Marker list, Quiz score, Memo list). The results revealed that the reflective reading-based e-learning approach could improve the comprehension and reflective thinking of the learners and promote behavioral engagement. These findings can be valuable for educators designing strategies to improve students’ reading comprehension skills and stimulate behavioral engagement in e-learning systems.

Reading comprehension skill is seen as a predictor of word problem-solving performance, and the close relationship between reading comprehension and mathematical skills is accentuated. On the other hand, more research is needed as to determine how logical thinking and word problem solving are related to each other and to analyze the role of reading comprehension in this relationship. The aim of the study is to examine the role of reading comprehension in the relation between logical reasoning and word problem-solving in 158 fourth grade primary school students. The data were collected through the administration of logical reasoning, syllogistic reasoning, and reading comprehension tests, and word problems. In this research, which makes use of a predictive correlational research model, the regression analysis was used to test the direct and indirect relationships between word problem solving, logical reasoning, inference making, and reading comprehension skills. As a result of the research, the relationships between the variables were found to be positively significant. Besides, reading comprehension seems to play a partial mediating role in the relationship between logical reasoning and word problem-solving. The positive correlation between word problem solving and logical reasoning skills suggests that activities to improve word problem-solving performance should be supported by logical reasoning- and inference making-related activities. The fact that reading comprehension skills play a mediating role between these two performances reveals the importance of linguistic skills such as reading comprehension in the development of logical and mathematical thinking.

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى معرفة فاعلية مدخل قراءة الصورة في تنمية الفهم القرائي والمهارات الحياتية في مقرر لغتي الجميلة لطالبات الصف السادس الابتدائي في منطقة الباحة في المملكة العربية السعودية. ولتحقيق هدف الدراسة. تم استخدام المنهج شبه التجريبي باعتباره الأقرب لتحقيق هدف الدراسة لمعرفة أثر العامل التجريبي (فاعلية مدخل قراءة الصورة) على (تنمية الفهم القرائي والمهارات الحياتية) على المجموعة التجريبية. وقد تم إعداد أداة الدراسة والمتمثلة في الاختبار التحصيلي، حيث تم تقسيم الطالبات إلى مجموعتين المجموعة التجريبية والتي سيتم تطبيق الدراسة عليها، والمكونة من (37) طالبة، والمجموعة الضابطة والمكونة من (37) طالبة. وقد أظهرت الدراسة العديد من النتائج، والتي من أهمها: توصلت الدراسة إلى (23) مهارة من مهارات الفهم القرائي اللازمة لطالبات الصف السادس في مقرر لغتي الجميلة بمدارس منطقة (مدينة الباحة)، تم إدراجها في خمسة مجالات رئيسة، وهي: (مهارات الفهم الحرفي، ومهارات الاستنتاج الحرفي، ومهارات الفهم النقدي، ومهارات الفهم التذوقي، ومهارات الفهم الإبداعي)، بالإضافة إلى توصل الدراسة إلى (10) مهارات من المهارات الحياتية اللازمة لطالبات الصف السادس في مادة اللغة العربية بمدارس منطقة الباحة (مدينة الباحة)، وقد أظهرت نتائج التحليل الإحصائي وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين متوسطي درجات طالبات المجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة في مهارات الفهم القرائي، ومهارات الحياة البعدي لصالح المجموعة التجريبية، مما يعني أنَّ توظيف مدخل الصور يحدث فاعلية واضحة في تدريس الطالبات. وقد أوصت الدراسة بالعديد من التوصيات والتي من أهمها: دعوة القائمين على تخطيط المناهج في المملكة العربية السعودية إلى إعادة النظر في بناء نشاطات التعليم، والعمل على توازن مهارات الفهم القرائي، ومهارات الحياة في جميع المجالات بشكل متوازن ووفق منهجية محددة.

This study investigates the reading comprehension and syntactic comprehension skills of bilinguals. It is considered that bilinguals have cognitive, neural and social advantages as they have a rich linguistic environment. Studies suggest that bilingual children have better metalinguistic awareness and show cognitive advantages compared to monolinguals. In this study reading comprehension skills and syntactic comprehension skills were evaluated in 14 bilingual English-Turkish and 18 monolingual Turkish children. To evaluate reading comprehension skills, the ‘Reading Comprehension Scale’ and to evaluate syntactic comprehension, ‘Grammatical Judgment Test’ were used. Attitude questionnaire was used to evaluate the bilinguals’ attitudes towards the Turkish language. The results of this study revealed that in the reading comprehension scale monolingual group performed better than the bilingual group in reading texts. Within bilingual group comparisons, the mean scores revealed that the bilingual group had the best test scores in narrative and explanatory texts, followed by scientific texts and poetry. Syntactic comprehension evaluations revealed that bilinguals have difficulties in detecting the grammaticality of word constructions. Attitude Questionnaire revealed that most of the bilingual children have a negative attitude towards the Turkish language. The difficulties of reading and syntactic comprehension skills bilinguals display are usually associated with the environment they live in. It has been found that bilinguals fail to comprehend complex sentences correctly in some settings. These findings led to the question whether bilinguals have learnt all of the complex syntactic properties of the grammatical system. Bilinguals’ limitations to access the language may cause difficulties in processing. This study tries to get a better understanding of the basis of bilinguals’ failure in reading and syntactic comprehension.

The research problem revolves around the level of reading comprehension among first-grade female students in the subject of "My Language," and how we can transform this weakness into reading skills and strengths. This transformation aims to make the students excellent models representing the sincerity of the research sample and to show how this sample contributed to developing previous performance into a notable advancement for this study. The theoretical framework focuses on reading comprehension as a cognitive mental process that involves understanding the meaning of words, sentences, paragraphs, distinguishing words, and recognizing linguistic elements. The aim of the research is to raise the level of reading comprehension and cognitive skills of first-grade female students in the subject of "My Language." The research serves as an important tool for improving the performance of teachers and preparing them to develop students' reading comprehension skills. This underscores the importance of the question: Why do we want to develop students' reading comprehension skills? The goal is to ensure that students progress through educational stages with full linguistic skills. The key findings of the research are as follows: 1. Enriching Arabic language curricula in early grades with intensive reading comprehension models. 2. Developing teaching methods for the subject "My Language" from traditional approaches to engaging and modern technological methods, which contribute to enhancing students' reading comprehension. 3. Using modern technologies enhances the understanding and comprehension of reading among students in the subject "My Language". 4. Implementing modern technologies makes teaching the subject "My Language" more engaging and enjoyable. 5. Solving the reading comprehension problem by training students in modern reading comprehension methods. 6. Modern technologies help in understanding reading comprehension in the subject "My Language". 7. Using modern technologies simplifies the linguistic vocabulary of the subject "My Language".

This study examines the connection between secondary school students' reading comprehension skills, reading habits, and cognitive abilities. Given the increasing significance of reading comprehension for academic achievement, especially in high-stakes exams, it is essential to comprehend its cognitive and behavioural underpinnings. Examining the relationship between reading comprehension skills, cognitive capacities, and reading habits in secondary school-aged boys and girls is the goal of this study. In the Raichur district of Karnataka, 720 secondary school pupils participated in a descriptive quantitative study. Using stratified random sampling, participants were chosen. According to the study, comprehension of language structures, syntax, and cognitive processes like memory, attention, and problem-solving are all important components of reading comprehension. The main results showed that cognitive abilities correspond with both reading habits and comprehension skills and that reading habits significantly improve comprehension ability. The study offers insightful information for teachers, indicating that pupils' comprehension skills can be greatly enhanced by encouraging positive reading habits and comprehending cognitive development. Additionally, it provides helpful suggestions for enhancing instructional methods, like tailored interventions based on reading habits and cognitive profiles. In order to promote improved learning outcomes, the results also emphasize how crucial it is to incorporate cognitive skill development into language instruction.

This study explores the initial low reading interest and comprehension skills of fourth-grade students at Bintaran Elementary School and the impact of using children’s literature to address these issues. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed to provide an in-depth analysis of students' reading habits and comprehension abilities. Data were collected through interviews, observations, questionnaires, and documentation to capture a comprehensive picture of the situation. Findings revealed that students exhibited a low interest in reading, characterized by a general dislike of books, which directly impacted their reading comprehension skills. After the integration of children’s literature into the curriculum, students demonstrated improved engagement and comprehension. Teachers employed strategies such as book-reading competitions to motivate students, fostering both enjoyment and understanding of reading materials. The results highlight the importance of cultivating reading interest and comprehension skills in students to facilitate knowledge acquisition and the development of competencies essential for lifelong learning. Children’s literature emerged as an effective medium for enhancing these abilities, providing an engaging and relatable context for students. The use of children’s literature significantly improves reading interest and comprehension among elementary students. Future studies should explore the long-term effects of this approach and its application across diverse age groups and educational settings.

This research raises the issue of whether there is an influence of the initial knowledge test on the reading comprehension and sentence structure skills of class VIII students at MTs Negeri 2 Deli Serdang in the 2023/2024 academic year? The aim of this research is to determine the effect of the initial knowledge test on the reading comprehension and sentence structure skills of class VIII students at MTs Negeri 2 Deli Serdang. The method used in this research is an experimental method with a simple 2 x 2 factorial design. The population in this research is the entire class VIII of MTs Negeri 2 Deli Serdang, totaling 352 people spread across 11 classes with a research sample of 80 students taken at random. The instrument used is an objective test consisting of 20 multiple choice questions, with a scoring technique that if 1 is correct, a score of 5 is given. So the highest score is 100 and the lowest is 5. The results of the research show that there is an influence of the initial knowledge test on reading comprehension skills and making sentence structures. Class VIII students at MTs Negeri 2 Deli Serdang, with the results of ANOVA calculations obtained Fcount = 6.32 and Ftable = 4.00 at a significance level of 0.05. This shows that Fcount > Ftable. Thus, the hypothesis is accepted. In this way, there is an influence of the initial knowledge test on the reading comprehension and sentence structure skills of class VIII students at MTs Negeri 2 Deli Serdang.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of using (kahoot-aided) guided reading on preparatory students EFL reading comprehension and fluency skills. The participants of the study were sixty second preparatory stage students at Saqr Quraish preparatory school, El- Gharbia governorate. Instruments of the study were an EFL reading comprehension skills questionnaire , an EFL pre-post reading comprehension skills test, an EFL pre-post reading fluency test and an EFL reading fluency scale of prosody. In this study, a pre-post reading comprehension test and a pre-post reading fluency test were used with two groups (Experimental and control , 30 students each). Results revealed that the experimental group students outperformed their peers in the control group in their reading comprehension and fluency skills as validated through the post-test scores. The experimental group’s great performance in these reading skills were attributed to using (kahoot-aided) guided reading program.

Introduction: We can quickly access information in the modern world. Therefore, it is critical to concurrently improve reading fluency and comprehension skills. Techniques used to improve reading fluency can be categorized into two groups: skill-and performance-based. Interventional techniques used before, during, and after reading reportedly improve reading comprehension skills. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a series of interventions that combine skill and performance-based reading fluency techniques with reading comprehension techniques used during and after reading in improving reading fluency and comprehension skills of an intellectually disabled student. The uniqueness of this study is that it focuses on a child with intellectual disability, and it combines fluent reading and reading comprehension techniques. Method: This was a case study featuring a 13 year old male student enrolled in the sixth grade of a middle school who received interventions in a special education class for mild intellectual disability in Turkey. The intervention series was applied in ten sessions Findings: As a result of the interventions, there was a decrease in the number of misread words and increase in the number of correctly read words and reading comprehension level compared to the baseline values. The student maintained the acquisitions he gained during the intervention and in the following weeks. Discussion: In conclusion, the intervention package developed for an intellectual disability student was effective in improving and maintaining the student”s reading fluency and reading comprehension skills. Further studies with larger samples are needed to test the generalizability of the results.

This study examined the reading comprehension and numeracy skills of Grade III learners in the District of Dueñas, Iloilo, for the 2023-2024 school year, providing a basis for the development of instructional modules. Specifically, it aimed to assess learners' reading comprehension and numeracy performance overall and when categorised by parents’ educational attainment, socio-economic status, availability of educational materials, hours spent on problem-solving, and family environment. Employing a descriptive research design, the study involved randomly selected Grade III learners from the district. Data were collected using a 30-item Enhanced Regional Unified Numeracy Test (ERUNT) and the Comprehensive Rapid Literacy Assessment (CRLA) Tool. Statistical analyses included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and the Mann-Whitney U test, with a significance level of 0.05. Findings revealed a significant relationship between the learners’ level of reading comprehension skills and their performance in numeracy. The results indicated that reading comprehension skills significantly influence numeracy performance, suggesting that efforts to improve learners' comprehension abilities are likely to enhance their numeracy skills as well, given the strong interrelationship between these two variables.

There is a growing concern about the level of reading skills in the English language, specifically among primary school pupils in Malaysia. The integration of technology in language learning had proven to facilitate the reading process and indirectly enhance reading comprehension. This study intends to investigate the integration of technology, specifically, Augmented Reality (AR) combine with PowerPoint (i.e., PowerAR) as a learning tool to improve reading comprehension among primary school pupils. A total of 17 primary Year six pupils participated in this study. An intervention was designed to focus on reading lessons that used PowerAR as a learning tool to facilitate reading comprehension among pupils. According to the data analysis of the pre-test and post-test, the PowerAR intervention has somewhat improved the pupils’ reading comprehension skills. The results also showed that the participants had reaped many technological benefits, but some of them needed more assistance and collaborative learning to be implemented in reading classrooms. Theories that emphasised active learning, constructivism, and self-directed learning were key elements of the PowerAR intervention. Reading comprehension improves when students make sense of the reading material by connecting it to prior knowledge and building connections to it. PowerAR demonstrates the versatility of using technology in the language classroom that amplifies language learning. The findings provide insights to teachers, academics, and other interested parties with information on how to employ technology, particularly augmented reality (AR), to enhance reading comprehension and other language skills.

There is a dire need for worldwide second language educators to sustainably invoke more interactive, favorable, and meaningful reading learning enterprises in which EFL learners are strongly willing to channel more effortful actions to hone their reading comprehension skills to the utmost development. KWL chart strategy can be one of the appropriate solutions to fulfill this reading learning demand by which EFL learners can activate their prior knowledge in harmony with the reading texts they are going to read, monitor their reading comprehension towards particular reading topics intensively, and profoundly evaluate their newly-acquired knowledge obtained through various passages. This present small-scale library study aimed to investigate the extent the KWL chart strategy can improve globalized EFL learners’ reading comprehension skills. 20 prior findings obtained from the KWL chart strategy in reading studies were thematically analyzed to yield more comprehensible and credible research results for the betterment of EFL reading learning enterprises nationwide. After analyzing those previous findings, two main research themes were generated namely: (1) KWL chart strategy transforms EFL learners into more spirited readers and (2) KWL chart strategy exceptionally escalates EFL learners’ reading proficiency level. In the end, it can be fairly concluded that the effective deployment of the KWL strategy not merely resulted in the significant enhancement of EFL learners’ reading comprehension skills but also their reading endeavor and knowledge. Keyword: KWL chart strategy, reading comprehension skills, EFL learners, library study, thematic analysis

The purpose of this study was to examine the shared, direct, and indirect contributions of three metalinguistic skills (phonological awareness, morphological awareness, orthographic knowledge) to the reading comprehension abilities of struggling adult readers. Across studies, these three metalinguistic skills have individually emerged as important predictors of reading comprehension with samples of struggling adult readers. In contrast to research conducted with children, no studies have simultaneously included and examined the shared and direct relations of these metalinguistic skills as well as indirect relations (via decoding and vocabulary knowledge) to adults’ reading comprehension skills. The results indicated that the metalinguistic skills, decoding, and oral vocabulary knowledge accounted for 91% of the variance in reading comprehension. A second-order metalinguistic awareness factor, decoding, and oral vocabulary knowledge emerged as uniquely predictive of reading comprehension (1–8.9%). Further, metalinguistic awareness was indirectly related to reading comprehension via decoding and oral vocabulary knowledge. The findings help to develop a more comprehensive model of the underlying component processes involved in adults’ reading comprehension skills. The findings may also inform instructional practices and intervention research in adult literacy programs.

The intricate relationship between teenagers' literacy and technology underscores the need for a comprehensive understanding, particularly in the Spanish context. This study employs explainable artificial intelligence (AI) to delve into this complex interplay, focusing on the pivotal role of reading comprehension skills in the personal and career development of Spanish teenagers. With a sample of 22,400 15-year-olds from the PISA dataset, we investigate the impact of socioeconomic factors, technology habits, parental education, residential location, and school type on reading comprehension skills. Utilizing machine learning techniques, our analysis reveals a nuanced connection between autonomy, technological proficiency, and academic performance. Notably, family oversight of technology use emerges as a crucial factor in managing the impact of digital technology and the Internet on reading comprehension skills. The study emphasizes the necessity for a balanced and supervised introduction to technology from an early age. Contrary to current trends, our findings indicate that online gaming may not contribute positively to reading comprehension skills, while moderate daily Internet use (1–4 h) proves beneficial. Furthermore, the study underscores the ongoing nature of acquiring reading comprehension and technological skills, emphasizing the need for continuous attention and guidance from childhood. Parental education levels are identified as partial predictors of children's performance, emphasizing the importance of a holistic educational approach that considers autonomy and technological literacy. This study advocates for addressing socio-economic and gender inequalities in education and highlights the crucial role of cooperation between schools and families, particularly those with lower educational levels.