Abstract
Various abiotic stresses including high salinity strongly affect seed germination. Three Hungarian wheat landraces Gamási, Fóti and Kartali have been tested for seed germination, seedling growth and chemicals parameters when seeds were soaked in gibberellic acid (GA3) at the concentrations of 0, 75 and 150 ppm and at four levels of salinity stress 0, 5, 10 and 15 dSm-1. A laboratory experiment took place at Research Institute of Nyíregyháza. Factorial Experiment based on Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in four replications has been conducted. Seed soaking in GA3 before sowing significantly affected germination characteristics, seedling properties and the results of chemical analysis. The highest germination as well as K+ content of seeds were observed at seed soaking into 150 ppm GA3. However, Na+ and proline contents in seedling were decreased. The behavior of the tested Hungarian wheat varieties was genotype-dependent. Increasing salinity stress up to 15 dSm-1 significantly affected germination characteristics, seedlings parameters and chemical analysis. Fóti variety turned out to be the best at 150 ppm GA3 compared to the other two varieties. Moreover, it had the lowest Na+ and proline contents and highest K+ content.
Highlights
Wheat (Triticum aestivum var. vulgare L.) is cultivated as a major cereal crop in several parts of the world; it is considered the king of cereal crops in global ranking followed by maize and rice
Chauhan et al (2009) showed that seeds treated with GA3 showed significant difference compared with control; they indicated that the germination percentage decreases when the concentration is increased, which shows that higher concentration inhibits germination and the longest radicle length was observed under GA3 50 ppm
Seed soaking in GA3 significantly increased wheat germination characteristics and seedling properties as compared to the control treatment
Summary
Wheat (Triticum aestivum var. vulgare L.) is cultivated as a major cereal crop in several parts of the world; it is considered the king of cereal crops in global ranking followed by maize and rice. Vulgare L.) is cultivated as a major cereal crop in several parts of the world; it is considered the king of cereal crops in global ranking followed by maize and rice. It has a major importance in global consumption and it is a strategic commodity. The total cultivated area of wheat according to FAO reached about 221.61 million hectares in 2015 and the total production exceeded 728.96 million tons. The total cultivated area in Hungary was about 1.11 million hectares and the total production was approximately 5.26 million tons. The total cultivated area in Egypt was approximately 1.42 million hectares with a total production of 9.27 million tons. There is a large gap in Egypt between consumption and production of wheat due to the continuously growing human population and the limited cultivated area
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