Abstract
In this research, we successfully fabricate high-hardness and lightweight Al-Ti composites. Al-Ti composites powders with three compositions (Al-20, 50, and 80 vol.% Ti) are mixed using ball milling and subsequently subjected to spark plasma sintering (SPS). The microstructures and phases of the Al-Ti composites are characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, and field emission-electron probe microanalysis (FE-EPMA). These tests confirm the presence of several intermetallic compounds (ICs) (Al3Ti, Al5Ti2, Al11Ti5) in the composites, and we are able to confirm that these ICs are produced by the reaction of Al and Ti during the SPS process. Furthermore, thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) is used to analyze the formation behavior of the ICs. In addition, the mechanical properties of the composites are measured using their Vickers hardness and it is observed that the Al-80 vol.% Ti composite exhibits the highest hardness. Consequently, it is assumed that SPS is suitable for fabricating Al-Ti composites which represent the next-generation materials to be used in various industrial fields as high-hardness and lightweight materials.
Highlights
The high strength and light weight of structural materials have become increasingly important as the need for various hybrid composites has emerged, and lightweight non-ferrous metals have come to occupy an important position [1]
Ti powder was dispersed in Al powder using a ball decreased, and the densities of the grain boundaries increased, which interfered with the displacement milling process, and the composite powders obtained were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
According to the reasons determined that the milling process was suitable for preparing composite the spark plasma sintering (SPS) process prevented the coarsening of grains due to the high heating rate and high pressure; the Al-Ti composites exhibited very high relative densities
Summary
The high strength and light weight of structural materials have become increasingly important as the need for various hybrid composites has emerged, and lightweight non-ferrous metals have come to occupy an important position [1]. Of these materials, Al alloys, which are relatively lightweight, soft, and ductile, are widely used [2]. In addition to the transportation industry, the architectural market demands high-strength, lightweight, and more durable materials to build high-rise buildings [3]. Al alloys present many of the advantages mentioned above but exhibit limited strength
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