Beauville Surfaces and Probabilistic Group Theory

Abstract

A Beauville surface is a complex algebraic surface that can be presented as a quotient of a product of two curves by a suitable action of a finite group. Bauer, Catanese and Grunewald have been able to intrinsically characterize the groups appearing in minimal presentations of Beauville surfaces in terms of the existence of a so-called “Beauville structure”. They conjectured that all finite simple groups, except \(A_5\), admit such a structure. This conjecture has recently been proved by Guralnick-Malle and Fairbairn-Magaard-Parker. In this survey we demonstrate another approach towards the proof of this conjecture, based on probabilistic group-theoretical methods, by describing the following three works. The first is the work of Garion, Larsen and Lubotzky, showing that the above conjecture holds for almost all finite simple groups of Lie type. The second is the work of Garion and Penegini on Beauville structures of alternating groups, based on results of Liebeck and Shalev, and the third is the case of the group \({{\mathrm{PSL}}}_2(p^e)\), in which we give bounds on the probability of generating a Beauville structure. We also discuss other related problems regarding finite simple quotients of hyperbolic triangle groups and present some open questions and conjectures.