Abstract
Spatially explicit data on tidal and waves are required as part of coastal monitoring applications (e.g., radar monitoring of coastal change) for the design of interventions to mitigate the impacts of climate change. A deployment over two tidal cycles of a low-cost Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) buoy at Rossall (near Fleetwood), UK demonstrated the potential to record good quality sea level and wave data within the intertidal zone. During each slack water and the following ebb tide, the sea level data were of good quality and comparable with data from nearby tide gauges on the national tide gauge network. Moreover, the GNSS receiver was able to capture wave information and these compared well with data from a commercial wave buoy situated 9.5 km offshore. Discontinuities were observed in the elevation data during flood tide, coincident with high accelerations and losing satellite signal lock. These were probably due to strong tidal currents, which, combined with spilling waves, would put the mooring line under tension and allow white water to spill over the antenna resulting in the periodic loss of GNSS signals, hence degrading the vertical solutions.
Highlights
Marco Marcelli and Measuring coastal sea levels and waves is an important part of any observation programme, such as radar monitoring of coastal change [1], in order to assess the risks of projected climate change, storms and sea level rise to increasing populations, infrastructure, economies and ecosystems [2]
Our Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) buoy configuration was the same as that used at Holyhead harbour [8], with the GNSS antenna, receiver and battery attached to the top of the platform and secured between the yellow trawl floats (Figure 1a)
The raw data were downloaded via Wi-Fi using the set-up mentioned in Section 2.1; this was tested at around 250 m range to demonstrate that data could be downloaded with the buoy in the water
Summary
Marco Marcelli and Measuring coastal sea levels and waves is an important part of any observation programme, such as radar monitoring of coastal change [1], in order to assess the risks of projected climate change, storms and sea level rise to increasing populations, infrastructure, economies and ecosystems [2]. The resulting positional data to a local vertical datum were derived using RTKLIB software [5], the post-processed kinematic (PPK) method with a fixed geodetic GNSS base station on the shoreline. The advantage of this technique is that, in addition to producing results to a local datum, it uses the derived dynamics from the Doppler shift to increase the accuracy of the positional solutions. Using the set-up with enabled Wi-Fi allows transferring data in a timely manner without having to recover the GNSS buoy
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