Abstract
To deal with the technical challenges of renewable energy penetration, this paper focuses on improving the grid voltage and frequency responses in a hybrid renewable energy source integrated power system following load and generation contingency events. A consolidated methodology is proposed to employ a battery energy storage system (BESS) to contribute to voltage regulation through droop-type control and frequency regulation by assimilated inertia emulation (IE) and droop-type control. In addition, a novel frequency-dependent state-of-charge (SOC) recovery (FDSR) is presented to regulate BESS power consumption within the FDSR constraints and recharge the battery during idle periods whenever needed. The efficacy of the proposed BESS controller is demonstrated in an IEEE-9 bus system with a 22.5% photovoltaics (PV) and wind penetration level. The simulation results obtained manifest the satisfactory performance of the proposed controller in regulating simultaneous voltage and frequency in terms of lower rate of change of frequency and better frequency nadir. Furthermore, the proposed FDSR demonstrates its superiority at the time of SOC recovery compared to the conventional approach.
Highlights
A large amount of renewable energy sources (RESs), mainly wind and photovoltaic (PV) power plants, has been installed throughout Europe, the USA, and Asia
An enhanced consolidated inertia emulation (IE)- and primary frequency control (PFC)-regulated frequency controller and droop-regulated voltage controller were presented for supporting both the frequency and voltage stability with a high penetration of renewable sources
A novel frequency-dependent battery SOC recovery strategy was suggested that allowed the battery to be recharged without imposing a negative impact on grid frequency
Summary
A large amount of renewable energy sources (RESs), mainly wind and photovoltaic (PV) power plants, has been installed throughout Europe, the USA, and Asia. A charge/discharge management of BESS was proposed by Zeraati et al [24] via a droop control method in order to regulate distribution network voltage with high PV penetration. A similar SOC recovery was proposed by Xiao et al [28] for voltage regulation and SOC recovery as long as the power capacity of energy storage devices was available These studied did not provide any insight into the impact of SOC recovery on the frequency of the grid. Frequency regulation and droop-controlled voltage regulation, which have not been studied in the earlier literature; (2) a novel frequency-dependent SOC recovery (FDSR) strategy to ensure sufficient.
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