Barley yield and weed infestation of barley crops depending on the basic soil tillage systems

Abstract

The study was carried out in a long-term stationary experiment in the period of the 5th grain-fallow crop rotation: bare fallow - winter rye - spring wheat -spring wheat - spring barley (2008-2012). The effect of the long-term use of basic soil tillage systems of various degrees of intensity on the growth of weed vegetation and the yield of spring barley, i.e. the crop that completes the crop rotation, was studied. The experiment was carried out in Tyumen region on the dark-gray forest heavy loamy soil with the use of herbicides - mixtures of anti-dicotyledonous and graminicide preparations. The humus content in the soil layer of 0-20 cm in the fields of crop rotation for a laying period was 4.2-5.0%, with the pH of the salt extract being 6.0-6.4, and the total absorbed bases being 29.4 mg-eq / 100g of soil. During the study period, with various basic tillage systems applied, total weed infestation of barley was 37-75 pieces/m 2 in the spring and 5.2-14.3 pieces/m 2 in the autumn, which corresponded to the medium and low levels of infestation. The technical efficiency of using a mixture of herbicides in the barley field was 83.3%. The best weed control was achieved by moldboard tillage system whereby crops were the cleanest. With all resource-saving tillage systems, infestation was 1.4-2.0 times higher than with moldboard tillage system, mainly due to the growth of miliary weeds (by 60-140%). The highest weed infestation in barley crops before harvest was observed when using a sub-soil tillage system and disk harrowing tillage, which was 105-184% higher than at plowing. It was established that given the complex chemicalization and agrotechnology in grain-fallow crop rotation, the increase in weed infestation with the studied resource-saving tillage systems occurred to a low or medium extent and did not affect weed control or conditions for the formation of the barley yield.