Bariatric Surgery Reduces Long-Term Mortality in Patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis.

Abstract

With the obesity pandemic, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common liver disease and a leading cause of end-stage liver disease and liver-related deaths in the U.S.A. Therefore, we aimed to compare the long-term outcomes of patients with MASLD and cirrhosis with and without bariatric surgery. Patients were retrospectively identified from the California Department of Healthcare Access and Information database, 2005 to 2019, for a population-based cohort study. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance background risks between patients with cirrhosis who underwent bariatric surgery and those who did not. Overall, liver-related, and non-liver-related mortality were analyzed. Of 91,708 eligible patients with MASLD and cirrhosis, PSM yielded 2,107 patients who underwent bariatric surgery and 8,428 non-bariatric controls. Compared to matched controls, patients who underwent bariatric surgery had lower 5-year overall (24.9% vs. 37.1%; P < 0.0001), liver-related (3.3% vs. 14%; P < 0.0001), and non-liver-related mortality (22.3% vs. 26.9%; P = 0.046). In multivariable analysis, bariatric surgery was associated with decreased overall mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 0.63; P < 0.0001), liver-related (aHR = 0.24; P < 0.0001), and non-liver-related (aHR = 0.81; P = 0.0026) mortality. However, only laparoscopic surgeries were associated with lower overall mortality (aHR = 0.39; P < 0.0001) whereas open surgeries were associated with higher overall mortality (aHR = 1.24; P = 0.022). Patients with MASLD and cirrhosis who underwent bariatric surgery, specifically laparoscopic approaches, had significantly lower mortality risk than non-surgical counterparts.