Abstract
The aim of the cladding process is to improve mechanical, chemical, and physical features of the surface of metals. This laser process is frequently used to promote such alterations via deposition of metals/alloys with mechanical behavior superior to that of the substrate. In this contribution, an AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel is covered with an AISI 316 as powder filler metal using multiple laser deposition parameters. In the produced samples, the effect of the studied parameters on the geometry, surface appearance, dilution, and microstructural features was evaluated. The authors focus on metallurgical characteristics of cladding, seeking to explain the formation of three attributes: banding, columnar structure, and equiaxial grains. It was determined that banding is composed of a cellular-dendritic structure and is generated by changes in the microstructure size, derived from local variations in the solidification rate. The same applies for the columnar and equiaxial zones, but the appearance of equiaxial geometry is due to the change of the growth direction of the aforementioned columns, in the middle of the fusion zone. All the samples confirmed the formation of F/MA-type solidification mode, which indicates that the cooling rate is low and similar to those recorded in conventional fusion welding.
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