Abstract
Porous g-C 3 N 4 ultrathin nanosheets functionalized with alkynyl groups were fabricated by a facile ball milling method and the improved photocatalytic reduction of N 2 as well as degradation of Rhodamine B and levofloxacin were demonstrated. • Alkynyl functionalized g-C 3 N 4 are synthesized via ball milling of CaC 2 and g-C 3 N 4 . • The resulted g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets exhibits ultrathin wrinkled structure with abundant pores. • Enhanced light response, carriers seperation, and more active sites are analyzed. • Improved photocatalytic N 2 fixation and contaminants degradation are confirmed. • The improved photocatalytic redox activity is a consequence of multiple factors. Herein, the alkynyl groups are grafted on g-C 3 N 4 via ball milling of g-C 3 N 4 and CaC 2 . The successful functionalization of g-C 3 N 4 by alkynyl is demonstrated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Ultrathin wrinkle-like structure with abundant pores is observed for the resulted alkynyl functionalized g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets, which can furnish abundant photocatalytic active sites. The photocatalytic NH 3 production rate of 0.12 mmol·g cat -1 ·h −1 is gained for alkynyl functionalized g-C 3 N 4 under UV–visible irradiation, which is 2.0-folds higher than pristine g-C 3 N 4 (0.058 mmol·g cat -1 ·h −1 ). A maximum of 1.9 and 1.5 folds enhancements are achieved for the photodegradation of rhodamine B and levofloxacin over functionalized g-C 3 N 4 compared to pristine g-C 3 N 4 . The improved mechanism is investigated by linear sweep voltammetry, transient photo-current, Tafel plots, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Mott-Schottky curves, turnover frequency, transient decay time, photoluminescence spectra, etc. The modification technique proposed in this paper can also be adopted to prepare other alkynyl functionalized semiconductors for photocatalytic application.
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