Balancing CEO incentives and tax aggressiveness: the audit quality factor

The aims of this research are 1) to find out whether there is a negative effect between board gender diversity on tax aggression; 2) to find out whether there is a positive effect between institutional ownership on tax aggression; 3) to find out whether there is board gender diversity effect on tax aggression with audit quality as a moderating variable; and 4) to determine whether there is an effect of institutional ownership on tax aggression with audit quality as a moderating variable. The research approach used in this study is quantitative. The sample in this study was 17 mining companies. The method in this study is Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The results of this study show that board gender diversity and institutional ownership harm tax aggressiveness. Moderation variable test results, audit quality is not able to moderate the relationship between board gender diversity on tax aggressiveness and institutional ownership on tax aggressiveness.

Tax-aggressive behavior by firms can undermine tax revenues, corporate transparency, and overall economic governance. Corporate governance mechanisms are increasingly recognized as critical tools for mitigating such behavior, particularly in emerging markets such as Morocco. This study investigates how corporate governance structures influence the reduction in tax aggressiveness in a developing-country context, while also assessing the moderating role of audit quality. Using financial data from firms listed on the Casablanca Stock Exchange, the hypotheses are tested through OLS regression with firm and year fixed effects to examine the impact of board characteristics and audit quality on tax aggressiveness. The results show that the separation of the CEO and chairman roles and larger board size significantly reduce tax-aggressive behavior. Moreover, audit quality strengthens the negative relationship between board size and tax aggressiveness, with higher-quality audits further constraining aggressive tax practices. Additionally, ownership concentration is associated with higher tax aggressiveness, reflected in lower effective tax rates, whereas board independence exhibits no significant association with tax aggressiveness (p-value = 0.500879). Overall, the findings suggest that robust corporate governance and high-quality audits effectively mitigate tax-aggressive practices among Moroccan listed firms. This study contributes novel evidence from the Moroccan context, highlighting governance structures and audit mechanisms most effective at curbing such behavior. Policymakers and regulators are encouraged to promote stronger governance frameworks and enhance audit quality standards, while firms should reinforce these mechanisms to improve tax compliance and transparency

This research was formulated whether or not there are influence of probability, leverage, liquidity, audit quality and tax aggressiveness toward earnings management in financial sector companies listed on the idx 2019-2021. The purpose of the research was to figure out the are influence of probability , leverage, liquidity, audit quality and tax aggressiveness toward earnings management in financial sector companies listed on the idx 2019-2021. This type of research used a quantitative descriptive type. The variables of this research were probability, leverage, liquidity, audit quality, tax aggressiveness and earnings management. The data collection technique used was the documentation method. The documentationmethod was used as the basis for analyzing the data. The documentation was in the form of financial report. The analysis technique used in this research was multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the test for coefficient of determintation obtained an R square result of 0,006 or 6%, which means that the influence of probability, leverage, liquidity, audit quality and tax aggressiveness toward earnings management wasn’t too large. The results showed that probability, liquidity, audit quality and tax aggressiveness had no effect on earnings management, while leverage had an effect on earnings management.

The main objective of this research is to analyze the impact of business responsibility and audit quality on tax aggressiveness. This research also investigates the role of audit quality as a moderating variable in the relationship between corporate social responsibility and tax aggressiveness. This research uses information from manufacturing industries listed on the IDX for the 2020-2022 period. Based on purposive sampling procedures, information was obtained on 153 companies. Hypothesis testing was analyzed using moderated regression analysis (MRA). The analysis obtained shows that corporate social responsibility has a negative influence on tax aggressiveness. However, audit quality does not affect tax aggressiveness and the audit quality variable cannot moderate the negative relationship of business responsibility to tax aggressiveness. Roa and size as control variables also do not affect tax aggressiveness.
 Keywords: Tax Aggressiveness, Corporate Social Responsibility, Audit Quality, Profitability, Company Size

The purpose of this study is to analyze the causality relationship, which explains the independent variables consisting of institutional ownership, managerial ownership, profitability and audit quality against the dependent variable of tax aggressiveness. The data analysis of this research is quantitative analysis and uses Eviews software. EViews is software used for statistical analysis and econometrics. EViews allows users to process data, test hypotheses, and create statistical models for data analysis. EViews methods include the use of time series and cross-sectional data to perform regression analysis, multivariate analysis, causality testing, and data stationary testing. EViews can also be used to design, test, and estimate econometric models such as linear regression models, autoregressive models, and mobile autoregressive models. The results of this study show that the pattern of data that has been collected and the results of testing that has been carried out using Eviews 12 with the panel data regression analysis method show that first, institutional ownership has a negative and significant effect on tax aggressiveness. Second, managerial ownership has a significant negative effect on tax aggressiveness. Third, profitability has a significantly positive effect on tax aggressiveness. Fourth, audit quality has a significant negative effect on tax aggressiveness. Keywords: institutional ownership, managerial ownership, profitability and quality checks on tax aggressiveness

Tax is one of the largest sources of revenue from the State Budget (APBN). Every year it is expected that the achievement will be in accordance with the targets set by the government. On the other hand for Taxpayers, tax is a burden that must be reduced because it affects the profits earned. Tax avoidance by taxpayers was called tax aggressiveness, where taxpayers try to minimize the tax burden in order to increase profits.This study aims to determine the effect simultaneously and partially between tax aggressiveness as the dependent variable with executive compensation, independent director and audit quality as an independent variable with leverage control variables that were proxied by a debt to asset ratio (DAR).The research method used quantitative research with descriptive objectives verification and had a type of causality. The analytical unit used a mining company that was consistently listed on the IDX, consistently publishes financial statements and did not experience losses during the study period of 2011-2017. Based on these criteria 8 samples of the company were obtained with a study period of 7 years, resulting in 56 research samples. The method of data analysis used descriptive statistical analysis and panel data regression analysis which was assisted by Microsoft Excel 2016 and E-Views 10 Student Version software.From the results of descriptive statistical analysis and panel data regression it was concluded that executive compensation, independent directors and audit quality had an effect on simultaneously on tax aggressiveness. Partially, executive compensation and independent directors had no effect on tax aggressiveness, while audit quality had a significant negative effect on tax aggressiveness. This shows that taxpayers must pay attention to the independent variable of audit quality because it could affect tax aggressiveness

This study examines how the ownership structure, executive compensation, and audit quality interact to influence tax aggressiveness in Indonesian mining and plantation companies. The proxy for ownership structures is institutional and family ownership, and the proxy for executive compensation is the total salary of directors per year. Meanwhile, the proxy for tax aggressiveness uses the cash effective tax rate, and audit quality is proxied by the Big Four audit firms. Research data were taken from the 233 annual reports of 47 mining and plantation companies that listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2018–2022. The data were analyzed by a panel data regression technique. The results show that both institutional and family ownership have a significant positive effect on tax aggressiveness. While executive compensation has not influenced tax aggressiveness. Moreover, audit quality has a positive moderating effect on the negative relationship between family ownership and the cash effective tax rate. High-quality auditors can restrain family shareholders' ability to take aggressive tax positions. However, audit quality could not interact to influence the relationship between institutional ownership or executive compensation and tax aggressiveness.

<p>This study aims to examine the influence of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), audit quality, and financial distress on tax aggressiveness with financial performance as a mediating variable. This research employs quantitative methods with a sample size of 168 companies listed on the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index (ISSI) from 2020-2022. Data were processed using multiple linear regression, and Sobel tests for mediation analysis. The results show that CSR and audit quality have a significant positive influence on financial performance. Meanwhile, financial distress has a significant negative effect on tax aggressiveness. CSR has a significant negative influence on the Effective Tax Rate (ETR). Audit quality has a significant positive influence on ETR, and financial distress also has a significant positive effect on ETR. Meanwhile, financial performance has not been proven to mediate CSR against tax aggressiveness. Theoretically, these findings suggest that financial performance is not a significant channel for understanding how CSR affects tax aggressiveness. In practical terms, this means that when a company conducts CSR activities, its impact on the tax strategy is not mediated by how well the company performs financially.</p>

The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of profitability variables and audit quality on tax aggressiveness both partially and simultaneously. This research is a quantitative research conducted on food and beverage sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2019-2023 period. The sample of this study was selected using purposive sampling with several criteria. There are 23 companies that are used as a sample, so the number of research samples is 115 companies. However, there are 15 data that are outlier so that the final sample in this study is 100 samples. The data used in this study is secondary data obtained through the company's financial statements. The data analysis techniques used consisted of descriptive statistical tests, classical assumption tests, and hypothesis tests. The results of the study show that profitability have no effect on tax aggressiveness, while audit quality has a negative effect on tax aggressiveness. Simultaneously, profitability and audit quality have a significant effect on tax aggressiveness with an influence rate of 9.1%.

This study aims to examine whether tax aggressiveness can be affected by corporate social responsibility, earnings management and audit quality. This study uses manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in 2016-2018 as research objects with a total of 165 companies. In determining the sample in this study using a purposive sampling method, and obtained a total sample of 46 companies and a study period of 3 years so that the sample size becomes 138 data units. The results of this study indicate that tax aggressiveness can not be affected by corporate social responsibility, tax aggressiveness can be affected positively and significantly by earnings management and tax aggressiveness can be affected negatively and significantly by audit quality.

This study aims to examine the effect of profitability, firm size, debt levels and audit quality on tax aggressiveness. This study used a purposive sampling method to collect secondary data samples from the annual reports of 18 food and beverage sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) with a research period of 2020-2022. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression using the SPSS version 25 program. Tax aggressiveness is measured using the Effective Tax Rate (ETR), profitability is measured using Return On Assets (ROA), company size is measured by firm size, debt levels are measured using Debt Assets Ratio (DAR) and audit quality are measured using a dummy variable. The results of this study indicate that profitability and debt levels have a positive effect on tax aggressiveness, while firm size and audit quality have no effect on tax aggressiveness. The implications of this study ensure that the profits obtained by the company are not the result of tax aggressiveness.

Objective - The purpose of this research is to empirically examine the effect of corporate governance, ownership and tax aggressiveness on earnings management. Methodology/Technique - The population of this research consists of non-financial companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) between 2013 and 2015. This research uses 3 recent years and utilizes different variable that have not been used in prior research. The 67 samples were choose using a purposive sampling method. The hypotheses are tested using multiple regression analysis with the SPSS program, to investigate the influence of each independent variable on earnings management. Findings - The results show that the board of director have a positive influence on earnings management, while board independence, audit quality, managerial ownership, and tax aggressiveness have no influence on earnings management. Novelty - This research add value in the existing literature and empirically study the effect of the board of directors, independence of the board, audit quality, managerial ownership, and tax agressiveness on earnings management. Type of Paper: Empirical Keywords: Earnings Management; Corporate Governance; Ownership; Tax Aggressiveness. JEL Classification: M40, M41, M49.

This study aims to examine the effect of accounting fraud intensity and accrual earnings management on tax aggressiveness and test earnings quality and audit quality on the accounting fraud intensity and accrual earnings management on tax aggressiveness. The testing method in this study uses multiple regression analysis. Through purposive sampling, the sample in this study amounted to 65. The data testing used structural equation model. The test results show that the intensity of accounting fraud affects tax aggressiveness, Accrual earnings management affects the tax aggressiveness, The quality of earnings strengthens the effect of accounting fraud and accrual earnings management on tax aggressiveness and Audit quality does not moderate the relationship between accounting fraud intensity and accrual earnings management with tax aggressiveness.

This study aims to determine the impact of Corporate Social Responsibility, Audit Quality, and Capital Intensity on tax aggressiveness during pandemic. This study uses secondary data from annual financial reports of mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2018-2021. This type of research is quantitative research using purposive sampling as a sampling technique and obtained from 20 companies. The analytical method used is multiple regression analysis—processing data using SPSS 22 for windows and Microsoft excel. The result of this research is that Corporate Social Responsibility has a significantly positive effect on Tax Aggressiveness, Audit Quality has a significantly negative effect on Tax Aggressiveness, and Capital Intensity has a significantly negative effect on Tax Aggressiveness.

This research succeeded in finding that the digital transformation variable has a negative effect and executive compensation has a positive effect on tax aggressiveness. Meanwhile, the family ownership variable has no effect on tax aggressiveness. This research also succeeded in proving that with audit quality, companies can strengthen the negative relationship between intangible asset variables and tax aggressiveness. Several contributions from this research include first, understanding that audit quality can influence the relationship between one of the independent variables in this research, so that research can be carried out regarding variables that influence corporate tax aggressiveness using new aspects. Second, company management can improve the implementation of intangible asset and executive compensation appropriately, in order to optimize tax aggressiveness in accordance with tax regulations and not violate the law