Abstract
Peritonitis is a major and serious complication in terms of morbi-mortality for patients treated with peritoneal dialysis. Their microbiological diagnosis is challenging for both the detection of the etiological agents and in interpreting positive cultures.
 Many microorganisms can cause this infection; usual micro-organisms such as coagulase-negative staphylococci or Enterobacteriaceae, but also ‘atypical’ bacteria, which culture or detection, is more tedious can be found.
 To identify the responsible bacteria, molecular biology and culture techniques can be set up. Molecular biology (particularly the sequencing of the universal 16s rDNA gene) makes it possible to identify atypical agents, but antimicrobial susceptibility testing cannot be performed following these technics.
 The culture of peritoneal dialysis fluids remains the ‘gold-standard’ for the diagnosis of these infections. Nevertheless this must be optimized to enhance its sensitivity.
 The etiological diagnosis of peritonitis in patients treated with peritoneal dialysis may be difficult, but modern microbiology combined with a bacterioclinical discussion allow the identification of the microorganism responsible for the infection in the great majority of the cases.
Highlights
Les péritonites sont une complication majeure et grave chez les patients traités par dialyse péritonéale (DP)
serious complication in terms of morbi-mortality for patients treated with peritoneal dialysis
Their microbiological diagnosis is challenging for both the detection of the etiological agents
Summary
BACTERIOLOGICAL SAMPLING IN PERITONEAL DIALYSIS FLUID : DECREASING THE NUMBER OF STERILE PERITONITIS journal officiel du Registre de Dialyse Péritonéale de Langue Française RDPLF www.rdplf.org. Les péritonites sont une complication majeure et grave en termes de morbi-mortalité chez les patients traités par dialyse péritonéale. De nombreux micro-organismes peuvent être à l’origine de cette infection ; germes « classiques » comme les staphylocoques à coagulase négative ou les entérobactéries, mais également des bactéries « atypiques », de culture ou de détection plus fastidieuse. Pour mettre en évidence les bactéries responsables, des techniques de biologie moléculaire et de culture peuvent être mises en place. La culture des liquides de dialyse péritonéale reste donc le « gold-standard » pour le diagnostic de ces infections. Le diagnostic étiologique des péritonites chez les patients traités par dialyse péritonéale peut être difficile, mais la microbiologie moderne combinée à une discussion bactério-clinique permet l’identification du germe responsable de l’infection dans la très grande majorité des cas
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