Abstract
Background: In recent years, bioactive bioceramics such as bioglass and hydroxyapatite (HA) have been introduced as a remarkable development in the field of medicine due to their bio-adaptability, non-toxicity, and persistence, in vivo. They have many potential applications in the repair of bone defects and hence they have attracted significant interest from scholars. Objectives: The aim of this study was to synthesize inorganic matrix CuO-based bioglasses and evaluate their antibacterial activity against aerobic bacterial infections in bone implants. Methods: Nano-composite samples of silica-based bioactive glass, 60SBGwith nano-powderCuO, were synthesized using the sol-gel method and then assessed with regard to their antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus using well diffusion agar. The samples included BG58S (58%SiO2, 36%CaO, 6%P2O5), BG/10CuO (58%SiO2, 26%CaO, 6%P2O5, 10%CuO), and BG/20CuO (48%SiO2, 26%CaO, 6%P2O5, 20%CuO). To evaluate their bioactivity, the prepared samples of BG/20CuO, BG/10CuO, and BG58S were immersed in simulated body fluids (SBF). The surface morphology and structure of the samples before and after immersion in the SBF were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), respectively. Then, the BG/20CuO and BG/10CuO samples were loaded in clindamycin, an antibiotic widely used in the treatment of osteomyelitis, and their release profiles were studied in phosphate buffer solution. Results: It was observed that the growth inhibition zone increased through clindamycin release due to the increasing CuO percentage in the nanocomposite of bioactive glass. The bioactivity of the nanocomposite/bioglass with CuO was superior to that of bioglass alone. In this study, the BG/20CuO sample showed a sustained release of clindamycin, which is sufficient for a drug delivery system. Conclusions: Increasing the Cu nanoparticles in bioactive glass samples leads to the release of Cu2+, which has a positive effect on the antibacterial mechanism, as well as decreasing the cultured Staphylococcus colonies found on the bioglasses. Therefore, it seems that the nanocomposite/bioglass of CuO is a promising option for aerobic bacterial inhibitor systems in common bone implant infections.
Highlights
In recent years, bioactive bioceramics such as bioglass and hydroxyapatite (HA) have been introduced as a remarkable development in the field of medicine due to their bio-adaptability, non-toxicity, and persistence, in vivo
Enterococcus faecalis involves the root canal system [11], complicated infections developed with several pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and other micro-organisms from the Proteus genus result in bone inflammation and destruction as common surgical complications [12]
BG58S and Cu-doped BG20CuO before and after annealing, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy results were interpreted to determine the functional groups for the various types of chemical bonding on the surface
Summary
Bioactive bioceramics such as bioglass and hydroxyapatite (HA) have been introduced as a remarkable development in the field of medicine due to their bio-adaptability, non-toxicity, and persistence, in vivo They have many potential applications in the repair of bone defects and they have attracted significant interest from scholars. Conclusions: Increasing the Cu nanoparticles in bioactive glass samples leads to the release of Cu2+, which has a positive effect on the antibacterial mechanism, as well as decreasing the cultured Staphylococcus colonies found on the bioglasses. It seems that the nanocomposite/bioglass of CuO is a promising option for aerobic bacterial inhibitor systems in common bone implant infections. Enterococcus faecalis involves the root canal system [11], complicated infections developed with several pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and other micro-organisms from the Proteus genus result in bone inflammation and destruction as common surgical complications [12]
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