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Abstract
This essay examines the nature and practice of rulership among the Aztecs of Central Mexico. It lays out the political context for Aztec (or Mexica) ‘sovereignty’ and different pathways for legitimacy, particularly in the exercise of power by individuals. To exemplify key roles and qualities of sovereigns among the Aztecs, we focus on the reign of Motecuhzoma Xocoyotzin (aka Motecuhzoma II), as described in the early colonial sources and subsequent scholarship. The activities and symbolism of this ruler in the festival of Izcalli, when Motecuhzoma Xocoyotzin impersonated the Fire God, are particularly relevant for considering ‘sacred sovereigns’.
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