Azbel' - Kaner Cyclotron Resonance in Arsenic

Abstract

Azbel' - Kaner cyclotron resonance has been measured in arsenic single crystals at 1.15 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K using a microwave frequency of 24 GHz. The cyclotron effective masses are given as a function of the direction of the magnetic field for the binary-bisectrix plane and for the binarytrigonal plane. Data are also given for a third plane whose orientation is not quite the binarytrigonal plane. The high $\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\tau}$ of the crystals has permitted the measurement of several mass series which have not been detected in previous cyclotron-resonance experiments, in particular, the hole-mass series in the binary-bisectrix plane and the low-mass series ($0.03{m}_{0}$) corresponding to the necks of the hole surface. Also, as a result of the much higher sample quality, previously reported cyclotron masses have been measured more accurately for these crystal orientations. In addition, quantum oscillations in the surface impedance and cyclotron resonance were measured in the bisectrix-trigonal plane by tilting the magnetic field out of the binary-trigonal plane. Neither effect has been previously reported. One set of masses can be described by three or six nearly prolate spheroids having principal effective masses ${m}_{1}=0.134{m}_{0}$, ${m}_{2}=0.140{m}_{0}$, and ${m}_{3}=1.35{m}_{0}$, each tilted (+84.5 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 1.5)\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} from the trigonal axis. A second set of masses is described by three or six ellipsoids having principal effective masses ${m}_{1}=0.146{m}_{0}$, ${m}_{2}=0.068{m}_{0}$, and ${m}_{3}=0.946{m}_{0}$, each tilted (+37.3 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 1.5)\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} from the trigonal axis. These results are in general agreement with previous work. A comparison with de Haas---van Alphen data indicates that the first set corresponds to electrons (three ellipsoids) and the second set corresponds to holes (six ellipsoids). A new polishing solution is also given for each crystallographic plane, as well as a discussion of four methods for fitting the data.