Awareness and Perceptions of Farmers about Water Pollution in Rajasthan

Climate change is a severe environmental issue that has a global impact on agricultural output. It is critical to investigate farmers' perception of climate change it is one of the strongest factors in changing farmers' behavior to mitigate climate change and take necessary and appropriate actions to assure agricultural output. The present study was undertaken in the Udaipur district of Rajasthan in order to identify the perception level of farmers about climate change related to weather and climate, Agriculture, and Livestock related activities. A sample of 120 respondents from two tehsils was taken based on a random sampling technique. The study revealed that changes in the onset date of monsoon, very high temperatures during the summer season, the occurrence of drier spell heavy, Pest attacks on crops, decreases quality of products of crops/fruit plants, Poultry and livestock rearing become difficult and scarcity of fodder crops were the important aspects related to higher perception of farmers.

Opportunities for heat exchanger applications in environmental systems

Contents: Series preface Introduction. Part I Managing Alternative Sources of Water Pollution: Industrial Water Pollution: Environmental regulation, investment timing and technology choice, Wayne B. Gray and Ronald J Shadbegian Industrial pollution in economic development: the environmental Kuznets curve revisited, Hemamala Hettige, Muthukumara Mani and David Wheeler The cost of water pollution regulation in the pulp and paper industry, John D. McClelland and John K. Horowitz. Agricultural Water Pollution: Dynamics of agricultural groundwater extraction, Petra Helleger, David Zilberman and Ekko van Ierland Optimal self-protection from nitrate-contaminated groundwater, Richard C. Ready and Kimberly Henken Economic risk and water quality protection in agriculture, Darrell J. Bosch and James W Pease Endogenous transport coefficients, Anastasia M. Lintner and Alfons Weersink. Part II Alternative Instruments for Controlling Water Pollution: Regulation, Standards, Taxes, Subsidies and Liability for Water Quality: Agricultural runoff as a nonpoint externality: a theoretical development, Ronald C. Griffin and Daniel W Bromley Agricultural pollution control under Spanish and European environmental policies, Yolanda Martinez and Jose Albiac Land retirement as a tool for reducing agricultural nonpoint source pollution, Marc O. Ribaudo, C. Tim Osborn and Kazim Konyor Modeling regional irrigation decisions and drainage pollution control, Ariel Dinar, Stephen A. Hatchett and Edna J. Loehman Liability for groundwater contamination from pesticides, Kathleen Segerson. Water Pollution Permits and Nutrient Trading to Improve Water Quality: The structure and practice of water quality trading markets, Richard T. Woodward, Ronald A. Kaiser and Aaron-Marie B. Wicks Transferable discharge permits and economic efficiency: the Fox river, William O'Neal, Martin David, Christina Moore and Erhard Joeres Point-nonpoint nutrient trading in the Susquehanna river basin, Richard D. Horan, James S. Shortle and David G. Abler Point/nonpoint reduction trading: an interpretive survey, David Letson Point/nonpoint source trading of pollution abatement: choosing the right trading ratio, Arun S. Malik, David Letson and Stephen R. Crutchfield A trading-ration system for trading water pollution discharge permits, Ming-Feng Hung and Diagee Shaw. Part III Returns from Clean Water: Provision of Clean water: The economics of safe drinking water, Robert Innes and Dennis Cory Economic objectives within a bureaucratic decision process: setting pollution control requirements under the Clean Water Act, Arthur G. Fraas and Vincent G. Munley. Willingness to Pay to Prevent Water Pollution: Joint production and averting expenditure measures of willingness to pay: do water expenditures really measure avoidance costs?, Nii Adote Abrahams, Bryan J. Hubbell and Jeffrey L. Jordan The economic benefits of surface water quality improvements in developing countries: a case study of Davao, Philippines, KyeongAe Choe, Dale Whittington and Donald T. Lauria Contingent valuation in Korean environmental planning: a pilot application to the protection of drinking water in Seoul, Seung-Jun Kwak and Clifford S. Russell Option prices of groundwater protection, Steven F. Edwards. Cost of Preventing Water Pollution: The on-farm costs of reducing groundwater pollution, Scott L. Johnson, Richard M. Adams and Gregory M. Perry Implications of alternative policies on nitrate contamination of groundwater, Manzoor E. Chowdhury and Ronald D. Lacewell Optimal spatial management of agricultural pollution, John Braden, Gary V. Johnson, Aziz Bouzaher and David Miltz. Part IV Transboundary Water Pollution Control: Trade's dynamic solutions to transboundary pollution, Linda Fernandez Transboundary water management: game-theoretic lessons for projects on the US-Mexico border, George B. Frisvold and Margriet F. Caswell Does trade promote environmental coordination?, Hilary Sigman. Part V Trends and Emerging Issues in Controlling Water Pollution: Informal regulation of industrial pollution in developing countries: evidence from Indonesia, Sheoli Pargal and David Wheeler Transaction costs of policies to reduce agricultural phosphorous pollution in the Minnesota river, Laura McCann and K. William Easter Designing environmental regulations with empirical microparameter distribution: the case of seawater intrusion, Gareth P. Green and David L. Sunding Groundwater management when water quality is endogenous, Catarina Roseta-Palma Index.

Control of urban river water pollution is studied based on SMS

Water pollution is a pressing environmental issue that requires effective policy and governance frameworks to address its impacts. This paper examines the role of policy and governance in controlling water pollution, including legislation, regulations, integrated water management, stakeholder engagement, economic instruments, monitoring and reporting, international cooperation, and capacity building. It highlights the importance of robust governance mechanisms to ensure the protection and sustainable management of water resources. Water pollution poses significant threats to ecosystems and human health. This paper explores various mitigation strategies and solutions to address water pollution. It discusses source control and pollution prevention, wastewater treatment, stormwater management, agricultural best practices, wetland restoration, and conservation, education and awareness, strengthening regulations and enforcement, and international cooperation. Implementing these solutions can help minimize pollution and safeguard water quality. Environmental impact assessments (EIAs) play a crucial role in evaluating the potential environmental consequences of projects and activities, including water pollution. This paper examines the inclusion of water pollution considerations in EIAs, including the assessment of pollution sources, water quality monitoring, impact on aquatic ecosystems, human health considerations, mitigation and management measures, compliance with regulations, and the importance of addressing water pollution in the EIA process. This paper presents case studies and examples of water pollution incidents from around the world. It highlights various sources and causes of water pollution, including industrial discharges, agricultural runoff, sewage, and chemical spills. The case studies illustrate the environmental, economic, and social impacts of water pollution and emphasize the need for effective pollution control measures and preventive actions. Contamination of drinking water sources poses significant risks to public health. This paper explores the various contaminants that can infiltrate drinking water supplies, including pathogens, chemical pollutants, heavy metals, and emerging contaminants. It discusses the health risks associated with contaminated drinking water, such as waterborne diseases and chronic health effects. The paper emphasizes the importance of ensuring safe and clean drinking water through robust water treatment and monitoring systems. Water pollution has wide-ranging impacts on ecosystems and human populations. This paper examines the ecological, economic, and social consequences of water pollution. It discusses the degradation of aquatic habitats, loss of biodiversity, disruption of ecological processes, economic costs of pollution control and remediation, and the social implications of compromised water quality. The paper emphasizes the need for comprehensive strategies to mitigate the impacts of water pollution. Water pollution is caused by various factors and activities. This paper explores the primary causes of water pollution, including industrial discharges, agricultural practices, improper waste management, urban runoff, and natural processes. It discusses the release of pollutants such as chemicals, nutrients, sediments, and pathogens into water bodies and their impacts on water quality and ecosystems. Water pollution is a critical environmental issue that requires urgent attention. This paper highlights the importance of addressing water pollution by discussing its impacts on ecosystems, human health, and the economy. It emphasizes the need for collective efforts, including policy interventions, pollution prevention measures, and sustainable water management practices. The paper underlines that safeguarding water resources is crucial for the well-being and sustainability of current and future generations.

This study aims to assess farmers' awareness and perception towards agriculture risk management and insurance in Nepal's Kaski and Chitwan districts. Despite agriculture being the primary occupation for more than 60% of the population, the contribution of agriculture to GDP remains at 23%. Agriculture insurance is a new concept in Nepal, and the growth of the insurance market has been unimpressive over the past twelve years. The study's sample consists of existing agriculture insurance policyholders who have received or are in the process of receiving claims. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire from 200 respondents in Bharatpur and 200 respondents in Pokhara Metropolitan city, with a five-point Likert scale measuring awareness and perception. Results suggest that farmers are generally aware of the risks associated with agriculture and perceive insurance to be a useful scheme. Trust between farmers and insurance companies is deemed essential for insurance to succeed. Economic and claims-related factors were found to be more influential than family size and education, while the sex and age of respondents were insignificant. The study implies that while insured and claim-recipient farmers have a fair awareness of agriculture insurance, they lack traditional risk management techniques

Based on the results of the first national pollutant source census in 2007 (hereinafter referred to as the first pollutant census) and the second national pollutant source census in 2017 (hereinafter referred to as the second pollutant census) , this paper analyzes the current situation of various pollutants in the past ten years. The differences in the contents of the two censuses, and the comparison of the data from the two censuses, show that China’s ecological and environmental protection work has made positive progress, in which China's ability to comprehensively manage water pollution has been greatly improved, the discharge of water pollutants from industrial sources has been significantly improved, the control effect of atmospheric pollutants has been remarkable, and various environmental indicators have been optimized in a comprehensive manner. However, there are still challenges in environmental protection: the national water pollutant emissions are still huge, of which the contribution of agricultural sources and living sources of water pollutant emissions increased, living sources have become the focus of water pollutant emissions control; the national air pollutant prevention and control potential is huge, industrial sources are still an important source of air pollutant emissions in the country, and mobile sources have become a key focus of air pollution control. At the same time, the changes in the direction of air pollutant control under the background of “carbon peak carbon neutral” are summarized; The disposal and utilization efficiency of solid waste still needs to be strengthened, and the cumulative storage of industrial hazardous waste has increased dramatically. In conclusion, China’s overall pollution prevention and control has made great achievements, and the future ecological environment work has a long way to go. The overall pollution management needs to be based on the "two pollution census", and the precise application of policy.

To determine the magnitude and shape of the relationship between dental caries experience and the source of oral health information in England. This was a cross-sectional study using the Child Dental Health Survey 2013 in England. Using a negative binomial model, the relationship between the number of decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) of 12- and 15-year-old students and their primary source of oral health information was assessed. The sources of oral health information included parents, television, newspapers, the Internet, and social media. The adjusted model included age, sex, and the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD). R was used for data handling, analysis and reporting. Overall, 2,372 children were assessed (48.7% female, 48.6% 12-year-old). For the majority, the primary source of oral health information was their parents (89.5%) followed by the Internet (43.4%). Over nine-tenth of the participants had a DMFT = 0. The adjusted model showed that the prevalence rate of DMFT for the children whose primary source of information is their parents (0.45) or television (0.62) is lower than 1. The prevalence rate for the Internet (1.17) and social media (1.67) was higher than 1, but they were removed from the final model due to being non-statistically significant. Age and deprivation had a direct relationship with the prevalence rate of DMFT, meaning that 15-year-olds and children from more deprived areas had a higher prevalence rate of DMFT. Children whose primary source of oral health information was their parents or television had a lower DMFT. On the contrary, using the Internet or social media as the source of oral health information was associated with higher caries experience among schoolchildren.

With the growing severity of water pollution issues, the prevention and control of water pollution became highly complicated and challenging, and the investment in water pollution control has been constantly increased. Scientific evaluation of efficiency is critical to recognize whether the investments in water pollution control are effective. However, most studies could not exclude the influences of external environmental and random factors when evaluating the efficiency of water pollution control, resulting in biased results. To overcome this shortcoming, this study employed a three-stage SBM-DEA (slacks-based measure-data envelopment analysis) model to determine the efficiency of water pollution control efforts in a city of China from 2003 to 2017. The results showed that water quality in the study area has been significantly improved due to those pollution control efforts. The influences from external environmental and stochastic factors have led to an underestimation of the efficiency of water pollution control in the first stage. After excluding these effects in the second stage, the adjusted efficiency of water pollution control showed a fluctuating upward trend in the third stage, reflecting the true effectiveness of efforts to prevent and control water pollution in the study cities, with an average efficiency of 0.87. Finally, several suggestions for enhancing the efficiency of water pollution control in Chengde were proposed.

Due to increasingly serious urban pollution, this paper proposes an environmental pollution prevention and control system in combination with Internet of things. The system transfers data through the Internet, which also utilizes sensor, pH sensor and smoke sensor to obtain environmental data. Besides, combined with the video data acquired through monitoring, the data are transferred to data center to analyze the haze pollution, water pollution and fire disaster in environment. According to the results, multi-purpose vehicles are mobilized to complete the tasks such as spraying water to relieve haze, water source purification and fire fighting in city environment. Experiments show that the environmental pollution prevention and control system designed in this paper can automatically complete the urban environmental pollution detection, prevention and control, which thus reduces human and material resources and improves the efficiency of pollution prevention and control. Therefore, it possesses greatly practical significance to the construction of smart city.

This chapter characterizes the state of Philippine water policy as it relates to the industrial sector and compares it with those of ASEAN countries. The water consumption profiles (source and quantity) of major industries are described, with a focus on those with large water footprints (e.g., oils and chemicals, food and beverages) to assess relative potential to cause water pollution. From water generation and pollution load profiles of the industrial sector, the wastewater characteristics of major industries are evaluated. A review of government regulations related to the prevention and control of water pollution, their state of implementation, and the degree of compliance/non-compliance by the industrial sector are presented. Using three environmental water pollution events as cases (nickel and chromium mining in Sta. Cruz, Zambales; gold mining in Padcal, Benguet Province, and the biophysical deterioration of the Marilao-Meycauayan-Obando river system due to factory effluents), the difficulties in the implementation of environmental laws, which lead to water pollution and great public health impacts, are explored.

With the development of society, the material living standard of our people has been significantly improved, but we sacrificed the environment in the course of development, which led to the current number of environmental problems in our country is particularly large, so that now we need to pick up the tone of protecting the environment, so now the overall tone of the country is to protect the environment, adhere to the green water green mountain is the basic strategy of Jinshan Yinshan, play a good pollution prevention and control of the three major battles, care for the environment, protect the environment. And in the environment water is the most important, it carries everything, the purpose of this paper is to study based on water quality monitoring and pollution prevention and control of dynamic detection technology. In order to conduct the experiment better, after consulting the literature on water quality monitoring and pollution prevention and control, and dynamic detection technology, we used a variety of algorithms to construct a corresponding dynamic detection technology system to monitor water quality and conduct real-time surveys of pollutants, and obtain relevant experimental data to complete the experiment. The experimental results show that the improved adaptive parameter DBSCAN clustering algorithm is better than the AdaBoost algorithm and the genetic algorithm, so we finally choose to build a dynamic detection technology system using the improved adaptive parameter DBSCAN clustering algorithm.

A process-level water conservation and pollution control performance evaluation tool of cleaner production technology in textile industry

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of the off-office audit of natural resource assets on the prevention and control of water pollution against a background of big data using a differences-in-differences model.Design/methodology/approachThis study constructs a differences-in-differences model to evaluate the policy effects of off-office audit based on panel data from 11 cities in Anhui Province, China, from 2011 to 2017, and analyzes the dynamic effect of the audit and intermediary effect of industrial structure.FindingsThe implementation of the audit system can effectively reduce water pollution. Dynamic effect analysis showed that the audit policy can not only improve the quality of water resources but can also have a cumulative effect over time. That is, the prevention and control effect on water pollution is getting stronger and stronger. The results of the robustness test verified the effectiveness of water pollution prevention and control. However, the results of the influence mechanism analysis showed that the mediating effect of the industrial structure was not obvious in the short term.Practical implicationsThese findings shed light on the effect of the off-office audit of natural resource assets on the prevention and control of water pollution, and provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of relevant environmental policies. Furthermore, these findings show that the implementation of the audit system can effectively reduce water pollution, which has practical significance for the sustainable development of China's economy against the background of big data.Originality/valueThis study quantitatively analyzes the policy effect of off-office auditing from the perspective of water resources based on a big data background, which differs from the existing research that mainly focuses on basic theoretical analysis.

Environmental education, implemented through educational methods, is considered a crucial strategy for influencing environmental behavior and promoting environmental conservation.Taiwan stands out as one of the few countries that have legislated in favor of environmental education.In 2010, Taiwan passed the Environmental Education Act, which officially came into effect in 2011.According to the Article 3 of the Regulation of Environmental Education Personnel Certification and Management of the Act, environmental education is delineated into eight major professional fields: school and social environmental education, climate change, disaster preparedness and response, nature conservation, pollution prevention and control, environmental and resource management, cultural preservation, and community participation (Ministry of Environment 2023).The context of 'environmental education for pollution prevention and control' includes preventing human activities from causing damage to the living environment or harming public health, covering four dimensions: scientific facts, pollution control, pollution prevention, and policy regulations (Ministry of Environment 2024).Due to Taiwan's rapid economic development, several significant environmental pollution incidents have occurred, such as the Green Oyster Event in the Erren River, the pollution incident at the Taiwan Alkali Anshun Plant, and the RCA Incident in Taoyuan.Additionally, due to the geographical and climatic factors, concerns about poor environmental quality are largely concerned by the publics.These make the 'pollution prevention and control' an essential field in the environmental education.According to the 'National Curriculum Guidelines of 12-year Basic Education, environmental education aims to achieve five main objectives: environmental awareness, environmental knowledge, value attitudes, action skills, and environmental action (Ministry of Education 2019).Therefore, when designing educational materials and methods for pollution prevention in environmental education, it is essential to address all five educational goals simultaneously to effect behavioral change related to the environment.The article first reviewed and analyzed the teaching materials for 'Pollution Prevention and Control' on the website of the Environmental Education Discovery Center, a virtual worldwide web platform to promote environmental education by the Ministry of Environment.The teaching