Average Analytic Ranks of Elliptic Curves over Number Fields

On the number of isomorphism classes of CM elliptic curves defined over a number field

In 1972, Serre showed that the adelic Galois representation associated to a non-CM elliptic curve over a number field has open image in G L 2 ( Z ^ ) \mathrm {GL}_2(\widehat {\mathbb {Z}}) . In (2010), Greicius developed necessary and sufficient criteria for determining when this representation is actually surjective and exhibits such an example. However, verifying these criteria turns out to be difficult in practice; Greicius describes tests for them that apply only to semistable elliptic curves over a specific class of cubic number fields. In this paper, we extend Greicius’s methods in several directions. First, we consider the analogous problem for elliptic curves with full 2-torsion. Following Greicius, we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the associated adelic representation to be maximal and also develop a battery of computationally effective tests that can be used to verify these conditions. We are able to use our tests to construct an infinite family of curves over Q ( α ) \mathbb {Q}(\alpha ) with maximal image, where α \alpha is the real root of x 3 + x + 1 x^3 + x + 1 . Next, we extend Greicius’s tests to more general settings, such as non-semistable elliptic curves over arbitrary cubic number fields. Finally, we give a general discussion concerning such problems for arbitrary torsion subgroups.

Hecke theory over arbitrary number fields

ABSTRACTIn this article, we study the problem of how to determine all elliptic curves defined over an arbitrary number field K with good reduction outside a given finite set of primes S of K by solving S-unit equations. We give examples of elliptic curves over and quadratic fields.

This paper gives polynomial time quantum algorithms for computing the ideal class group (CGP) under the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis and solving the principal ideal problem (PIP) in number fields of arbitrary degree. These are are fundamental problems in number theory and they are connected to many unproven conjectures in both analytic and algebraic number theory. Previously the best known algorithms by Hallgren [20] only allowed to solve these problems in quantum polynomial time for number fields of constant degree. In a recent breakthrough, Eisentrager et al. [11] showed how to compute the unit group in arbitrary fields, thus opening the way to the resolution of CGP and PIP in the general case. For example, Biasse and Song [3] pointed out how to directly apply this result to solve PIP in classes of cyclotomic fields of arbitrary degree.The methods we introduce in this paper run in quantum polynomial time in arbitrary classes of number fields. They can be applied to solve other problems in computational number theory as well including computing the ray class group and solving relative norm equations. They are also useful for ongoing cryptanalysis of cryptographic schemes based on ideal lattices [5, 10].Our algorithms generalize the quantum algorithm for computing the (ordinary) unit group [11]. We first show that CGP and PIP reduce naturally to the computation of S-unit groups, which is another fundamental problem in number theory. Then we show an efficient quantum reduction from computing S-units to the continuous hidden subgroup problem introduced in [11]. This step is our main technical contribution, which involves careful analysis of the metrical properties of lattices to prove the correctness of the reduction. In addition, we show how to convert the output into an exact compact representation, which is convenient for further algebraic manipulations.

This paper gives polynomial time quantum algorithms for computing the ideal class group (CGP) under the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis and solving the principal ideal problem (PIP) in number fields of arbitrary degree. These are are fundamental problems in number theory and they are connected to many unproven conjectures in both analytic and algebraic number theory. Previously the best known algorithms by Hallgren [20] only allowed to solve these problems in quantum polynomial time for number fields of constant degree. In a recent breakthrough, Eisentrager et al. [11] showed how to compute the unit group in arbitrary fields, thus opening the way to the resolution of CGP and PIP in the general case. For example, Biasse and Song [3] pointed out how to directly apply this result to solve PIP in classes of cyclotomic fields of arbitrary degree.The methods we introduce in this paper run in quantum polynomial time in arbitrary classes of number fields. They can be applied to solve other problems in computational number theory as well including computing the ray class group and solving relative norm equations. They are also useful for ongoing cryptanalysis of cryptographic schemes based on ideal lattices [5, 10].Our algorithms generalize the quantum algorithm for computing the (ordinary) unit group [11]. We first show that CGP and PIP reduce naturally to the computation of S-unit groups, which is another fundamental problem in number theory. Then we show an efficient quantum reduction from computing S-units to the continuous hidden subgroup problem introduced in [11]. This step is our main technical contribution, which involves careful analysis of the metrical properties of lattices to prove the correctness of the reduction. In addition, we show how to convert the output into an exact compact representation, which is convenient for further algebraic manipulations.

In recent work, Griffin, Ono, and Tsai constructs an L-series to prove that the proportion of short Weierstrass elliptic curves over ℚ with trivial Tamagawa product is 0.5054⋯ and that the average Tamagawa product is 1.8183⋯. Following their work, we generalize their L-series over arbitrary number fields K to beL Tam (K,s):=∑ m=1 ∞ P Tam (K,m) m s ,where P Tam (K,m) is the proportion of short Weierstrass elliptic curves over K with Tamagawa product m. We then construct Markov chains to compute the exact values of P Tam (K,m) for all number fields K and positive integers m. As a corollary, we also compute the average Tamagawa product L Tam (K,-1). We then use these results to uniformly bound P Tam (K,1) and L Tam (K,-1) in terms of the degree of K. Finally, we show that there exist sequences of K for which P Tam (K,1) tends to 0 and L Tam (K,-1) to ∞, as well as sequences of K for which P Tam (K,1) and L Tam (K,-1) tend to 1.

We study the parity of 2-Selmer ranks in the family of quadratic twists of an arbitrary elliptic curve E over an arbitrary number field K. We prove that the fraction of twists (of a given elliptic curve over a fixed number field) having even 2-Selmer rank exists as a stable limit over the family of twists, and we compute this fraction as an explicit product of local factors. We give an example of an elliptic curve E such that as K varies, these fractions are dense in [0, 1]. More generally, our results also apply to p-Selmer ranks of twists of 2-dimensional self-dual F_p-representations of the absolute Galois group of K by characters of order p.

We prove new modularity lifting theorems for p-adic Galois representations in situations where the methods of Wiles and Taylor–Wiles do not apply. Previous generalizations of these methods have been restricted to situations where the automorphic forms in question contribute to a single degree of cohomology. In practice, this imposes several restrictions—one must be in a Shimura variety setting and the automorphic forms must be of regular weight at infinity. In this paper, we essentially show how to remove these restrictions. Our most general result is a modularity lifting theorem which, on the automorphic side, applies to automorphic forms on the group $$\mathrm {GL}(n)$$ over a general number field; it is contingent on a conjecture which, in particular, predicts the existence of Galois representations associated to torsion classes in the cohomology of the associated locally symmetric space. We show that if this conjecture holds, then our main theorem implies the following: if E is an elliptic curve over an arbitrary number field, then E is potentially automorphic and satisfies the Sato–Tate conjecture. In addition, we also prove some unconditional results. For example, in the setting of $$\mathrm {GL}(2)$$ over $$\mathbf {Q}$$ , we identify certain minimal global deformation rings with the Hecke algebras acting on spaces of p-adic Katz modular forms of weight 1. Such algebras may well contain p-torsion. Moreover, we also completely solve the problem (for p odd) of determining the multiplicity of an irreducible modular representation $$\overline{\rho }$$ in the Jacobian $$J_1(N)$$ , where N is the minimal level such that $$\overline{\rho }$$ arises in weight two.

A note on odd zeta values over any number field and extended Eisenstein series

O-minimality on twisted universal torsors and Manin's conjecture over number fields

In this paper we investigate the 2-Selmer rank in families of quadratic twists of elliptic curves over arbitrary number fields. We give sufficient conditions on an elliptic curve so that it has twists of arbitrary 2-Selmer rank, and we give lower bounds for the number of twists (with bounded conductor) that have a given 2-Selmer rank. As a consequence, under appropriate hypotheses we can find many twists with trivial Mordell-Weil group, and (assuming the Shafarevich-Tate conjecture) many others with infinite cyclic Mordell-Weil group. Using work of Poonen and Shlapentokh, it follows from our results that if the Shafarevich-Tate conjecture holds, then Hilbert's Tenth Problem has a negative answer over the ring of integers of every number field.

Let E / Q E/\mathbb {Q} be an elliptic curve and let Q ( 3 ∞ ) \mathbb {Q}(3^\infty ) be the compositum of all cubic extensions of Q \mathbb {Q} . In this article we show that the torsion subgroup of E ( Q ( 3 ∞ ) ) E(\mathbb {Q}(3^\infty )) is finite and we determine 20 possibilities for its structure, along with a complete description of the Q ¯ \overline {\mathbb {Q}} -isomorphism classes of elliptic curves that fall into each case. We provide rational parameterizations for each of the 16 torsion structures that occur for infinitely many Q ¯ \overline {\mathbb {Q}} -isomorphism classes of elliptic curves, and a complete list of j j -invariants for each of the 4 that do not.

We prove the following.Theorem. Let be a number field, and the Jacobian of the curve parametrizing the elliptic curves with distinguished cyclic subgroups of order . If the number is written as , where contains a -simple abelian subvariety such that {\operatorname{rk}} A_k,$ SRC=http://ej.iop.org/images/0025-5734/11/2/A12/tex_sm_2058_img8.gif/> then the set of -isomorphism classes of elliptic curves over the field possessing -points of order is finite.Bibliography: 4 items.

For a prime p and a given square box, B, we consider all elliptic curves Er,s : Y 2 = X 3 + rX + s defined over a field Fp of p elements with coefficients (r, s) ∈ B. We obtain a nontrivial upper bound for the number of such curves which are isomorphic to ag iven one overFp, in terms of the size of B. We also give an optimal lower bound on the number of distinct isomorphic classes represented.