Abstract
Advances in laser and optoelectronic technologies have brought the general concept of optomechanical manipulation to the level of standard biophysical tools, paving the way towards controlled experiments and measurements of tiny mechanical forces. Recent developments in direct laser writing (DLW) have enabled the realization of new types of micron-scale optomechanical tools, capable of performing designated functions. Here we further develop the concept of DLW-fabricated optomechanically-driven tools and demonstrate full-3D manipulation capabilities over biological objects. In particular, we resolved the long-standing problem of out-of-plane rotation in a pure liquid, which was demonstrated on a living cell, clamped between a pair of forks, designed for efficient manipulation with holographic optical tweezers. The demonstrated concept paves the way for the realization of flexible tools for performing on-demand functions over biological objects, such as cell tomography and surgery to name just few.
Highlights
Three-dimensional optical microscopy techniques are invaluable tools in modern biomedical and biophysical studies
Optical tweezers have been demonstrated as a viable tool for object scanning by using single-beam time-shared trap [7], and by using multiple optical traps applied to non-spherical objects like diatoms [8] and yeast cells [9]
The stable trapping of individual tool was achieved with laser power of 0.8 W incident on spatial light modulator (SLM), which was distributed between three trapping spots
Summary
Three-dimensional optical microscopy techniques are invaluable tools in modern biomedical and biophysical studies. For example, confocal [1], multiphoton [2], and super-resolution [3] microscopy In most cases, these methods require the immobilization of objects under study, at least during image acquisition. A common way to obtain three-dimensional (3D) characterization of the investigated objects is to combine fluorescent dyes and image sectioning This requires additional sample preparation and, in some cases, may harm or alter the studied system. It is especially beneficial to obtain such characterization in a label free manner For this reason, various 3D tomography techniques, based on quantitative phase microscopy, were developed in the past few years. Single-cell optical coherence tomography can be implemented [4], imaging-based techniques appear more practical These techniques require the ability to rotate an object in suspension in a controlled manner. Optical tweezers have been demonstrated as a viable tool for object scanning by using single-beam time-shared trap [7] (suitable only for elongated objects like E. coli), and by using multiple optical traps applied to non-spherical objects like diatoms [8] and yeast cells [9]
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