Automated analysis and classification of landforms using high-resolution digital elevation data: applications and issues

Abstract

This paper describes recent efforts to use fine spatial resolution digital elevation model (DEM) data, including, but not limited to, lidar DEM data, for automated analysis and classification of geomorphic and hydrologic terrain features. The example applications presented are based on a 3-m horizontal resolution lidar DEM for a 6 km by 8 km agricultural watershed in Alberta and on a similar 5-m horizontal resolution conventional DEM for two forested areas of 14 km by 12 km in the Cariboo Forest Region of British Columbia. The applications illustrate efforts to produce meaningful classifications of ecological and landform spatial entities and to automatically extract hydrological spatial entities required for input into the WEPP water erosion model. Fine spatial resolution DEMs present some unique problems for which solutions are still lacking or are insufficient. Errors of apparently minor extent or degree can seriously affect some forms of analysis, especially analyses that involve hydrological calculations of paths of surface water flow. A need is recognized for improved methods and tools for interpolating and editing fine spatial resolution DEMs to remove or reduce localized errors.