Abstract
Cellular therapy has been viewed as a novel therapeutic modality for many neurological disorders. Autologous Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells (BMMNCs) used in many studies, have a safe and ethical profile. These cells have been studied in great depth and have shown angiogenetic and immunomodulatory properties in addition to other neuroprotective effects. These peculiar mechanisms may serve to be beneficial in autism. Recently, hypoperfusion and immune alteration are identified as major underlying pathogenetic mechanisms in autism. We present a case of autism with comorbid mental retardation; treated with intrathecal administration of autologous BMMNCs. Results were documented objectively on Indian Scale for Assessment of Autism (ISAA) and Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography (PET CT) scan. On regular follow up assessment of the patient over 18 months, there was significant clinical improvement in social relationship, communication and behavior. On outcome measure, ISAA score improved from 111 (Moderate autism) to 73 (Mild Autism). PET CT scans comparison of pre and post therapy showed balancing effect on brain metabolism. This case provides a great insight into the clinical effects of autologous BMMNCs in autism. Though a case study, the improvements guide us to plan future studies to explore different options of cellular therapy in autism.
Highlights
Autism spectrum disorders are a group of neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by difficulty in verbal and nonverbal communication, impairment in social interaction and restricted repetitive obsessive behaviour or interests
Cellular therapy has recently been viewed as a promising therapeutic modality which aims at restoring neural connections in the brain [3]
We have demonstrated the use of autologous Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells (BMMNCs) as a beneficial therapeutic approach for autism as they are obtainable, safe i.e. no risk of Graft-Versus-Host-Disease (GVHD) and non-teratogenic
Summary
Autism spectrum disorders are a group of neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by difficulty in verbal and nonverbal communication, impairment in social interaction and restricted repetitive obsessive behaviour or interests. Current treatment options available for autism are behavioural therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, nutritional guidance and pharmacological treatment. These treatment options are directed towards symptomatic changes in the child. We have demonstrated the use of autologous BMMNC as a beneficial therapeutic approach for autism as they are obtainable, safe i.e. no risk of Graft-Versus-Host-Disease (GVHD) and non-teratogenic. They do not have any ethical or moral issues. The main aim of this therapy is to reduce the severity of autism and thereby improve the overall functioning of the child
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