Формирование методологии исследования устойчивого развития территории

Outward foreign direct investment operation modes and reverse technology spillovers: Implications for the quality of economic growth

Reflections on modern economic growth of nations. If modern economic growth is defined as the spread of a system of production based upon the increased application of organized systems of tested knowledge it is clear that the sum of tested, or scientific knowledge which has potential economic significance is very wide indeed. The increased speed of economic growth over the last century or so implies an increased rale of addition to the stock of knowledge in existence. If , recently , necessity has become less the mother of invention than in the past and invention tends to become the mother of new needs and impulses this implies that the backlog of unused knowledge in society may have increased. If this is so, all countries tend to become underdeveloped and large unused growth potentials in rich countries may prevent an outflow of capital from more to less economically developed countries. It may follow also that it is no longer correct to say that there are technical limits to growth. But even if there is now no fixed limit to economic growth potential we still need to know how the accumulation of knowledge may be maximized. Finally, skewness in the distribution of the human potential devoted to increasing the stock of knowledge or in applying it raises problems of national adaptations in order to make possible the maximum use of the economic growth potential of the transnational stock of knowledge. The problem of the national exploitation of, or adjustement to the growth potential of knowledge may be approached through an examination of the prerequisites which seem exist for rapid economic growth to rake place. These seem to include an acceleration in population growth, a rise in capital formation proportions, a big redistribution of population and labour accompanying a decline in agriculture and a growth of cities, changes in the character of organizational units and a transformation of values. These changes are the work of active minorities and entail painful transition periods of controlled economic revolution. Once the transition period is over, sustained economic growth may depend increasingly upon social, political and economic institutions and their adaptation to the changing opportunities for economic growth offered by the application of science to production. But economic growth in any one country is not cut off from the international situation of that country. Economic growth acts with unequal impact upon nations. The major innovation, determining a distinct epoch in economic growth , begins in one or a few pioneering nations and then spreads oat to others. In this process account must be taken not only of «peacetype» international movements of men and goods but also of the political or power element in international relations. The latter seems, in fact, to be increasing in importance both inside national frontiers and internationally.

The investment in Major Construction Projects (MCPs) has a counter-cyclical impact on quantitative GDP increases during the recession period. However, its impact on the quality of economic growth is still unknown. Based on the data of prefecture-level cities in China from 2008 to 2017, we construct an economic Quality Growth Index (QGI) including sustainable development factors and take the PPP (Public–Private Partnership projects) policy as a quasi-natural experiment to design a Difference-In-Differences (DID) strategy for the first time to estimate the effects of the MCPs investment on the sustainable development of regional economies. We find that the MCPs investment can significantly improve the quality of regional economic growth. The MCPs investment can improve the quality of regional economic growth by enhancing innovation and entrepreneurship at the regional levels. Our findings may provide empirical evidence to support the policy of increasing investment into infrastructure constructions to promote sustainable development in the current economic recession under the COVID-19 pandemic.

The game between the growth rate and quality of the Chinese economy under the conditions of the new normal economy is a hot and difficult issue in the current new normal of socialist economic development with Chinese characteristics. Traditional monetary policy regulation focuses on the regulation of the rate of economic growth. The new changes in the current economic development situation are more inclined to promote the improvement of the quality of economic growth. Therefore, how to adapt to the new normal of economic development has put forward new requirements for the regulation and reform of monetary policy. Based on the relationship between China’s monetary policy regulation and the quality of economic growth under the conditions of the new normal economy, this paper selects statistical data on monetary policy regulation and the quality of economic development and growth from 2001 to 2016 to construct a dynamic panel data model of the economy and regulate monetary policy Predictive analysis with the quality of economic growth. The results show that after 2016, the economic growth rate has further slowed down and the quality of economic growth has improved significantly. In particular, it has been found that the contribution rate of the three industries after 2013 has increased significantly year-on-year. Optimize and upgrade.

The article defines the place of planning in the system of strategic management, reveals modern trends, limitations and opportunities for its development. It is noted that strategic planning of sustainable socio-economic development of territories is a widely demanded practice of management activity. The most frequently used approaches to analyzing the state and choosing ways to solve the problem of regional sustainable development, as well as approaches based on monitoring the main determinants of the rates of economic growth and sustainable development, are defined. It is noted that the modern approach to the sustainable development of regions requires the creation of a balance between the economic, social and environmental components. The economic components of sustainable development are determined through growth, productivity and the fairness of the distribution of material goods. Social components include participation in decision-making, creation and promotion of social welfare for all population groups. Environmental components include preservation of physical and biological diversity and protection of natural resources. The author emphasizes that the problem of substantiating the theory of strategic planning and management is that the strategic process as a whole at the macro, micro or nano level involves the functioning and interaction of completely different components. They include: the object of strategic planning; subject of strategic planning; strategic planning process; strategy as a result of the strategic planning process. Attention is focused on the fact that the planning of sustainable development of regions should be based on the analysis of the state and capabilities of each of the territorial communities of the region and the region as a whole, under the influence of selected economic, social and environmental factors of development. The limitations and possibilities of strategic planning in the socio-economic development of territories are substantiated. It is concluded that the strategic planning of the sustainable development of territories is a continuous process that must be frequently monitored and updated. It involves the integration of many sectors and institutions, the use of innovation and technology, the promotion of community cohesion and sustainable economic growth.

Modeling the parameters of the sustainable development policy of territorial natural and economic systems

This study investigated the impact of the people category of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on sustainable and conventional economic growth in Asia and the Pacific region, using a sample of 52 selected countries between 2000 and 2023. Employing two distinct models, model A1 for conventional economic growth and model A2 for sustainable economic growth, we explained the relationships between five SDG indicators: employed poverty rate, stunted children, expenditure on health, expenditure of education, and % of women MNAs on economic growth. This study employed a fixed-effect model and random-effect model to investigate the impact of the people category SDGs on traditional and sustainable economic growth. The comparative analysis of each SDG in both models revealed valuable insights. SDG 1, “employed poverty rate”, has a positive impact on economic growth in both models, while SDG 2, “percentage of stunted child”, did not significantly influence economic growth in either model. Moreover, SDG 3 and SDG 4, relating to “government’s health expenditure per capita” and “government’s Education education expenditure per capita”, respectively, exhibited a positive impact on traditional and sustainable economic growth. Conversely, SDG 5, “percentage of women members of national parliament”, displayed an insignificant impact on traditional and sustainable economic growth models. In conclusion, this study suggests that policymakers should prioritize targeted interventions to alleviate employed poverty, enhance healthcare, and boost education spending. Moreover, promoting women’s representation in national parliaments should be approached with context-specific strategies to maximize its impact on economic growth.

The article systematizes theoretical approaches to understanding the potential of economic growth, which allowed to consider it as factors and sources of growth and formation of economic power, as a result of productive forces in the industry and means of meeting social needs in general, and as processes of identifying and creating certain spectra of business opportunities; formation, structuring and construction of indicators of the maximum possible production capacities and criteria of optimality of production plans, in particular, for separate subjects of agrarian business. The potential for economic growth can be understood as an increase in the supply of goods (or services) created during a certain selected financial period. The potential for economic growth can be determined by many factors, the most important of which are the factors influencing supply and demand. Supply factors will determine the physical capacity of the potential to grow, and the following: quantitative and qualitative characteristics of natural resources; quantitative and qualitative characteristics of labor resources; volumes of capital; technological development and potential. It is outlined that the potential of economic development of business entities is currently associated with the growth of knowledge-intensive industries in the basic industries. It was found that special attention is paid to the sustainable potential of economic growth, especially the potential for increasing the welfare of economic entities. In addition, it was established that the potential for economic growth should be derived from the direction of development that will take into account the socialization of the economic system as a whole. Business, farming, entrepreneurship, and invention are potentially profitable activities, and those involved are respected. Positive attitudes towards innovation are important socio-cultural factors of economic growth potential. In the developed world, the potential for economic growth is considered as a great benefit to the people. Finally, over a long period of time, the potential for economic growth will depend on the political structure and organization of society. Keywords: potential of economic growth, economic development, subjects of agrarian business.

Sustainable economic growth and identifying factors affecting it are among the important issues which have always received attention from researchers of different countries. Accordingly, one of the factors affecting economic growth, which has received attention from researchers in the developed countries over recent years, is the issue of environmental technologies that enter the economic cycle of other countries after being patented through technology transfer. The current research investigated the role of the environment-related patents and the effects of the patented technological innovations compatible with climate change mitigation on the economic growth and development in the Middle East countries within a specific time period. The required data were gathered from the valid global databases, including Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development and World Bank and have been analyzed using multi-linear regression methods and econometric models with Eviews 10 software. The obtained results with 95% confidence level show that the environmental patents (β = 0.02) and environment management (β = 0.04) and technologies related to the climate change mitigation (β = 0.02) have a significant positive impact on the sustainable economic development and growth rate in the studied countries. Such a study helps innovators and policymakers in policy decisions related to sustainable development programs from the perspective of environmentally friendly technologies by demonstrating the role of patents in three important environmental areas, namely environmental management, water-related adaptation and climate change mitigation, as one of the factors influencing sustainable economic growth.

Economic growth emphasizes the expansion of economic activity, while economic development focuses on improving the quality and sustainability of economic growth and social welfare. Environmental concerns have shifted the focus of countries from nominal growth to real growth. Sustainable development and climate change reduction are the policy principles in many welfare countries. Considering the emission of carbon dioxide in different production sectors of IRAN, the main purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the volume of carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth by emphasizing the welfare index of households in two sectors of the economy based on oil income and without reliance. The oil revenue in Iran was obtained using time series data from 1981 to 2018. The results of the analysis showed a significant relationship between economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions in both cases (with oil and without). In other words, increasing the amount of carbon dioxide emissions led to increased economic growth in Iran. In the oil based economy, carbon dioxide emissions have led to a nominal increase in economic growth due to their negative effects on the household welfare index. The results of the estimate showed that the impact of pollution on household welfare ultimately reduced the rate of economic growth. In fact, when carbon dioxide emissions only increased the country's economic production without contributing to economic growth, there was no growth leading to sustainable development, even though it might lead to a short-term production boom. It may reduce the general level of prices, but the negative effects it has on the environment and people’s well-being can lead to reduced economic growth in the long run.

Territorial approaches are of crucial importance for the sustainable development and management of rural areas. The trend towards consolidating all stakeholders into a comprehensive understanding to enhance the territory's sustainability, and the idea of finding optimal solutions in the pursuit of opportunities for balanced territorial development, is a task with diverse answers depending on the resource potential and activity of local communities. The rural territories in Bulgaria have untapped potential, both in the use and protection of the available resources and their social economic development, as well as in the generation of additional income. Their sustainable development would contribute to achieving a balance between economic, social and environmental growth, as well as significantly improve the quality of life of the local population. The aim of the present study is to identify the integrated territorial approach for sustainable management and development of rural territories in the Republic of Bulgaria. Main groups of activities for achieving balanced territorial development are identified as factors for sustainable development of rural areas. The opinion is defended that an important condition for the integrated approach is for all participants in the process to be interested and successfully combine specific measures suitable for the integration and development of the territory. The implementation of appropriate tools and correct approaches for sustainable rural territory development requires careful analysis and selection of effective measures, depending on the specific characteristics of the location and the initiative of the local community. Although agricultural activity occupies a significant portion of the business in most of these areas, it is imperative to have an adequate policy for the development of additional activities that ensure economic prosperity and a higher standard of living for the local population and their employment. Therefore, in order to achieve three-dimensional sustainability (economic, ecological, social), it is more than necessary to have better interaction and coordination among all participants in the process and a holistic approach to the development and management of each specific territory, in accordance with its specific needs, opportunities, and optimal solutions. Each community can contribute to achieving the goals of sustainable development by 2030, and not only in a narrow scope, but also by contributing to the global challenges that modern society as a whole is facing. The choice of a model for increasing sustainability in the specific territory should be aimed at optimal utilization of regional resources, diversification in the functional use of the territory, optimal diversification of production and economic activities, environmentally friendly business practices and above all at effective interaction between institutions, local administration, business and local communities. Keywords: territorial approaches, rural areas, sustainable development and management JEL code – О13, О18, R13

Fueled by economic growth, among other factors, environmental degradation is one of the most serious challenges facing humanity in the twenty‐first century. Although extensive research has been conducted on the relationship between economic growth and environmental quality, the findings are inconclusive. This study investigated the relationship between economic growth and environmental quality in Ethiopia from 1981 to 2016 using non‐linear autoregressive distributive lag and two‐step least squares models. First, the study finds that the relationship between economic growth and environmental quality is asymmetric. Second, economic growth negatively affects environmental quality. Third, the positive environmental effect of a negative shock on economic growth is stronger than that of a positive shock. Fourth, energy consumption and population growth negatively affect environmental quality, whereas the effects of renewable energy consumption, natural resources, trade openness and human capital are positive. Fifth, an inverted N‐shaped relationship exists between economic growth and environmental quality, where GDP per capita greater than $686.770 contributes to environmental quality. Therefore, high and sustainable economic growth, renewable energy consumption, population control, resource conservation, trade openness and human capital accumulation are required to improve the environmental quality of Ethiopia. The limitation of this study is that it examines the direct impact of economic growth on environmental quality. It would be better to examine the potential indirect impact of economic growth via variables, such as institutional quality and human capital.

In 2015, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) towards 2030 were adopted by the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA). Goal 8 of this agenda addresses the issues of ‘Economic Growth’ and ‘Decent Work’ under the banner of ‘Sustainable Development.’ The goal is aspirational; it aims to uphold sustainable development through “sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all” (UNGA, Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development, 2015, p. 14). This goal is, for the International Labour Organization (ILO), a key to sustainable development as it is a critical driver of multiple other goals in SDGs (ILO, Decent work and the 2030 agenda for sustainable development, 2017).

Sustainable development and economic growth have become increasingly important issues in modern society. Since the concept of sustainable development was proposed, countries have been exploring ways to achieve sustainable development under the premise of good economic development. This article takes two friendly cities, Chengdu in China and Sheffield in the UK, as examples and uses the PESTLE analysis method to comprehensively analyze the relationship between sustainable development and economic growth, and make a comparative analysis of the two cities. Based on this, the study found that economic growth and sustainable development have a mutually reinforcing role. Economic growth is beneficial to the realization of sustainable development, and sustainable development also promotes economic growth. Sustainable development and economic growth can be achieved simultaneously in a number of ways. Therefore, it is suggested that all regions should promote coordinated development of the economy, environment, society, and other aspects to promote high-quality sustainable development in the region.

For accelerating economic growth, the role of electricity production and consumption is undeniable. Thus, the economic growth aspect of electricity consumption has already been well established in the literature. However, the attainment of sustainable economic growth has become an important concern for most countries; mere focus on electricity consumption on economic growth is not sufficient. As a result, impact of electricity production from various sources on economic growth and environmental quality needs to be explore in detail to give direction towards sustainable economic growth. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the impact of electricity production from various sources on Japan's economic growth and environmental quality, spanning from 1966 to 2014. The study used the ARDL bounds testing approach of cointegration to establish the long-run relationship between the variables under consideration. The outcomes emanated from the bound test show the presence of a long-run relationship among the studied variables. Furthermore, the ARDL-based long-run result indicates that electricity generation from coal is not viable for the economy and environment, whereas electricity production from hydro, natural gas, nuclear, and oil sources is found to be viable since it improves the economy and environmental quality in Japan. The robustness of the long-run results is further confirmed by using the fully modified OLS (FMOLS). Therefore, policy formulation related to electricity generation in Japan has to be taken care of both the economic growth and environmental quality angle. Furthermore, the measures for curbing coal based electricity needs to give profound significance while making electricity policy in Japan.