Abstract
The widely anticipated war with Japan became a grim reality following the attack on Pearl Harbor. The early months of fighting in the Pacific repeated aspects of the war in Western Europe of May 1940 with numerous Allied setbacks and a virulent Fifth Column identified as being a key reason for the enemy’s success. Fears of subversion were accentuated in the Pacific War as the Allies held grave concerns about collaboration in colonial countries. The way the war had started proved the Japanese would use subversion. As noted by Michael McKernan, after the unannounced strike on Pearl Harbor many believed that the Japanese were capable of being ‘devious and treacherous’.1 The press and Allied soldiers who repeated stories of subversion emphasised that the Fifth Column was integral to the Japanese offensive.
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