Augmenting Community-Driven Vector Surveillance with Automated Image Classification: Lessons from the Artificial Intelligence Mosquito Alert (AIMA) system

Vulnerable plaque detection to identify plaque is important in coronary heart disease diagnosis. Currently, it is conducted through manual reading of intravascular optical coherence tomography (IVOCT) images by an interventional cardiologist. However, human reading and understanding is highly subjective. An objective and automated assessment of plaque status is highly needed. This paper proposes a method for automatic image classification in IVOCT images based on different lesion types. In the proposed method, we first use detail-preserving anisotropic diffusion to remove speckle noise in IVOCT images. It removes the noise without losing details. Then, the IVOCT images are transformed to polar coordinates for feature extraction. In particular, Fisher vector and other texture features including local binary pattern and histogram of oriented gradients are studied. Finally, a support vector machine classifier is obtained to classify the IVOCT images into five groups: Normal (normal), FP (fibrous plaque), FA (fibroatheroma), PR (plaque rupture), and FC (fibrocalcific plaque). These five groups are obtained according to lesion characteristics. We evaluate the proposed method in a dataset of 1,000 images with five groups. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves an average accuracy of 90% in image classification. The proposed automatic IVOCT image classification method can be used to save time and cost of cardiologist.

Automatic image segmentation and classification of medical images plays significant role in detection and diagnosis of various pathological process. Normally chest radiography is a basic representation to find many abnormalities present in the chest. Radiology services delayed due to proper detection, segmentation and classification of diseases. Automatic segmentation and classification of medical images improved both pathological and radiological process. In recent days the deep learning with CNN methods provides remarkable successes in medical image diagnosis with in time limit and with minimum cost. The proposed method handles CNN for automatic classification of lung chest x-ray images as normal and up normal. Applying these modern techniques to lung chest x-ray images face more challenges while using small dataset. For testing JSRT dataset used which contains 247 images. Preeminent performance achieved using 180 images of nodule and non-nodule images. This method produce expected classification accuracy with the help of faster computation of CNN within fraction of seconds and attain 86.67% in classification accuracy.

The image classification is an important means of image segmentation and data mining, how to achieve rapid automated image classification has been the focus of research. In this paper, based on the super pixel density of cluster centers algorithm for automatic image classification and identify outlier. The use of the image pixel location coordinates and gray value computing density and distance, to achieve automatic image classification and outlier extraction. Due to the increased pixel dramatically increase the computational complexity, consider the method of ultra-pixel image preprocessing, divided into a small number of super-pixel sub-blocks after the density and distance calculations, while the design of a normalized density and distance discrimination law, to achieve automatic classification and clustering center selection, whereby the image automatically classify and identify outlier. After a lot of experiments, our method does not require human intervention, can automatically categorize images computing speed than the density clustering algorithm, the image can be effectively automated classification and outlier extraction.

Deep learning (DL) is a fresh study orientation in the field of machine learning in computer science. It is recommend into machine learning to make it nearer to the customary artificial target intelligence. DL is the inherent law and express level of learning sample data, and the information get in the learning procedure is of mighty help to the explain of data such as words, images and sounds. CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) combines feature extraction with itemize process to train neural network, which has acquire mighty successful in the field of image classification. This paper focuses on the automatic classification of fetal facial ultrasound images. A 19-layer convolution network is proposed and improved. By using data enhancement, adding global mean pooling layer, reducing the number of channels in the full connection layer of the model, and optimizing learning based on parameter transfer learning of fine-tuning training, the automatic classification of fetal facial ultrasound images with limited data volume can be realized. Match with the present solutions, the depth network proposed in this paper can effectively avoid ultrasonic noise interference and learn deep features more effectively. A heavy quantity of specific analysis test have proved its effectiveness.

Breast cancer image classification using artificial neural networks

The concept of artificial intelligence is not new. Without going into details of the evolution of artificial intelligence, we can confess that recent techniques of deep neural networks have considerably relaunched the trend with a significant advance namely the ability to automatically learn high-level concepts. However, a great step has been taken in deep learning to help researchers perform segmentation, feature extraction, classification and detection from raw medical images. This paper concerns the automatic classification of medical images with deep neural networks. We aimed at developing a system for automatic classification of medical images and detection of anomalies in order to provide a decision-making tool for the doctor. In this component we proposed a method for classifying medical images based on deep neural network using sparse coding and wavelet analysis. Serval real databases are used to test the proposed methods: MIAS and DDSM for mammogram images, LIDC-IDRI for lung images and dental dataset images. Classifications rates given by our approach show a clear improvement compared to those cited in this article.

Fully automatic brain image classification of MR brain images is of great importance for research and clinical studies, since the precise detection may lead to a better treatment. In this work, an efficient method based on Multiple-Instance Learning (MIL) is proposed for the automatic classification of low-grade and high-grade MR brain tumor images. The main advantage of MIL-based approach over other classification methods is that MIL considers an image as a group of instances rather than a single instance, thus facilitating an effective learning process. The mi-Graph-based MIL approach is proposed for this classification. Two different implementations of MIL-based classification, viz. Patch-based MIL (PBMIL) and Superpixel-based MIL (SPBMIL), are made in this study. The combined feature set of LBP, SIFT and FD is used for the classification. The accuracies of low-grade–high-grade tumor image classification algorithm using SPBMIL method performed on [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and FLAIR images read 99.2765%, 99.4195% and 99.2265%, respectively. The error rate of the proposed classification system was noted to be insignificant and hence this automated classification system could be used for the classification of images with different pathological conditions, types and disease statuses.

Segmentation of images holds an important position in the area of image processing. Computer aided detection of abnormality in medical images is primarily motivated by the necessity of achieving maximum possible accuracy. There are lots of methods for automatic and semi- automatic image classification, though most of them fail because of unknown noise, poor image contrast, inhomogeneity and boundaries that are usual in medical images. The MRI (Magnetic resonance Imaging) brain tumor segmentation is a complicated task due to the variance and intricacy of tumors. The principle aim of the project is to perform the MRI Brain image classification of cancer, based on Rough Set Theory and Feed Forward Neural Network classifier. For this purpose, first the features are extracted from the input MRI images using Rough set theory, and then the selected features are given as input to Feed Forward Neural Network classifier. Finally, Feed Forward Neural Network classifier is utilized to perform two functions. The first is to differentiate between normal and abnormal. The second function is to classify the type of abnormality in benign or malignant tumor.

Artificial intelligence has inspired a significant number of studies on the interface between cultural heritage and photography. The aims of these studies are, among others, to streamline damage monitoring or diagnoses for heritage preservation, enhance the production of high-fidelity 3D models of cultural assets, or improve the analysis of heritage images using computer vision. This article presents the results of a systematic literature review to highlight the recent state of these studies, published in the last five years and available in the Scopus, Web of Science, and JSTOR databases. The aim is to identify the potential and challenges of artificial intelligence through the connection between cultural heritage and photography, the latter of which represents a relevant methodological aspect in these investigations. In addition to the advances exemplified, the vast majority of studies indicate that there are also many obstacles to overcome. In particular, there is a need to improve artificial intelligence methods that still have significant flaws. These include inaccuracy in the automatic classification of images and limitations in the applications of the results. This article also aims to reflect on the meaning of these innovations when considering the direction of the relationship between cultural heritage and photography.

Skin cancer is the most common malignant neoplasty in the world, it is a public health problem, which has increased in recent years due to environmental changes, different lifestyles, sun exposure, among others. One way to detect skin cancer is by analyzing medical images, analyzing these images can get the detection of any abnormalities. In this paper, several block programming models are implemented with classifiers for the recognition of medical images of skin cancer. Preprocessing, manipulation, and computer vision to extract the relevant characteristics of the images are the starting point for obtaining appropriate classification values. The main objective of this project is to perform the analysis of a set of classification techniques, as well as to verify that combination of image processing operations and classification tools provide better performance compared to the classification values of the original images. Images of three kinds of skin cancer type were used: melanocytic nevi, melanoma, and benign lesions similar to keratosis. Each category contains 200 images. The images were subjected to a set of filters, to later use different classification algorithms. 6 types of filters and 5 different classification techniques were implemented. The results obtained allow us to see the feasibility of the proposed method.

Ultrasound imaging has become a routine means of diagnosing atherosclerosis. The classification of carotid ultrasound images and detection for the plaques automatically are critical for the diagnosis of atherosclerosis, which has important clinical significance for further analysis of plaque vulnerability and risk assessment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. At present, manual measurement is used for the classification, which has obvious disadvantages such as inaccurate measurement and operator variability. In this paper, we proposed an automatic classification method based on convolutional neural network (CNN) for the carotid ultrasound images from different research institutions and ultrasound machines. 820 and 830 carotid ultrasound images from Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University and Robarts Research Institute of Canada were used for the classification of normal, thickened vessel wall and plaque images. To solve the problem of uneven image quality and size, we used six different image normalization schemes. Furthermore, we designed five CNNs with slightly different structures and compared them with texture-based features classifications. The CNN results showed significant superiority in classification performance with total accuracy of 90.30% and recall rate of 89.70%, indicating the automatic classification of carotid ultrasound images based on CNN is potentially useful for clinical application in the diagnosis of carotid atherosclerosis.

Content-based image classification is such a technique which adapt to mass image data access and classification operation and it is based on the color, texture and shape feature. Image automatic classification using computer is one of the current hot topic. The traditional image classification method based on a single feature is ineffective. In this paper, we use multi-kernel SVM classifiers and the multi-feature fusion of feature weighting for image classification. Feature weighting is to set a certain weight for various features according to a certain standards and it is an effective way to find the most effective features. We use Corel Image Library as the database. The experimental result shows that the accuracy of image classification based on multi-feature fusion with multi-kernel SVM is much higher than a single feature. The method in this paper is an effective approach to improve the accuracy of image classification and expand possibilities for other application.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common diabetic eye disease. Doctors are using various test methods to detect DR. But, the availability of test methods and requirements of domain experts pose a new challenge in the automatic detection of DR. In order to fulfill this objective, a variety of algorithms has been developed in the literature. In this paper, we propose a system consisting of a novel sparking process and a holoentropy-based decision tree for automatic classification of DR images to further improve the effectiveness. The sparking process algorithm is developed for automatic segmentation of blood vessels through the estimation of optimal threshold. The holoentropy enabled decision tree is newly developed for automatic classification of retinal images into normal or abnormal using hybrid features which preserve the disease-level patterns even more than the signal level of the feature. The effectiveness of the proposed system is analyzed using standard fundus image databases DIARETDB0 and DIARETDB1 for sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. The proposed system yields sensitivity, specificity and accuracy values of 96.72%, 97.01% and 96.45%, respectively. The experimental result reveals that the proposed technique outperforms the existing algorithms.

Automatic classification of breast cancer histopathology images is of great significance in breast cancer diagnosis. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) requires the right hyper-parameters to efficiently and accurately do these classification, usually based on expertise and extensive trial and error, and also factored by the dataset. In this paper, the veracity of discriminative fine-tuned algorithm on ResNet and DenseNet Models, which optimally sets a range of hyper-parameters, using cyclical learning rate policy per iteration in training. The proposed method was tested on the Public BreakHis Dataset of Magnification 100X and 400X. Experimental results based on Accuracy metric (Densenet (100X): 95.33%, Densenet (400X): 94.34%, Resnet (100X): 96.56%, Resnet (400X): 96.3%) proves the method of optimization is efficient for breast cancer histopathology image classification in clinical settings.

A fast computationally efficient method for automatic segmentation and classification of textured images is presented. The method does not necessarily need a-priori information about the textures present in the image, thus avoiding the necessity of a training set of textures. A fast adaptive multichannel technique for autoregressive image model parameter estimation with fast tracking capabilities and a powerful statistical distance measure are appropriately interweaved to form the proposed technique. Specific properties of the estimation part of the algorithm are exploited to reduce greatly the computational complexity of the distance measure. Some interesting extensions of the method are discussed and examples are given which illustrate the performance of the algorithm. >