Audiovisual Integration for Saccade and Vergence Eye Movements Increases with Presbycusis and Loss of Selective Attention on the Stroop Test.

Abstract

Multisensory integration is a capacity allowing us to merge information from different sensory modalities in order to improve the salience of the signal. Audiovisual integration is one of the most used kinds of multisensory integration, as vision and hearing are two senses used very frequently in humans. However, the literature regarding age-related hearing loss (presbycusis) on audiovisual integration abilities is almost nonexistent, despite the growing prevalence of presbycusis in the population. In that context, the study aims to assess the relationship between presbycusis and audiovisual integration using tests of saccade and vergence eye movements to visual vs. audiovisual targets, with a pure tone as an auditory signal. Tests were run with the REMOBI and AIDEAL technologies coupled with the pupil core eye tracker. Hearing abilities, eye movement characteristics (latency, peak velocity, average velocity, amplitude) for saccade and vergence eye movements, and the Stroop Victoria test were measured in 69 elderly and 30 young participants. The results indicated (i) a dual pattern of aging effect on audiovisual integration for convergence (a decrease in the aged group relative to the young one, but an increase with age within the elderly group) and (ii) an improvement of audiovisual integration for saccades for people with presbycusis associated with lower scores of selective attention in the Stroop test, regardless of age. These results bring new insight on an unknown topic, that of audio visuomotor integration in normal aging and in presbycusis. They highlight the potential interest of using eye movement targets in the 3D space and pure tone sound to objectively evaluate audio visuomotor integration capacities.