Abstract
Background: Atypical mesothelial hyperplasia (AMH) is characterized by rapid proliferation of mesothelial cells with cellular atypia secondary to pleural irritation. AMH is a diagnostic challenge and it is not always easy to differentiate from mesothelioma and metastatic carcinoma to pleura. Only few related case reports have been published so far. Case Presentation: Herein we present a case of an 80 year old Saudi woman, who was treated one year ago with total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine ablation twice for metastatic papillary carcinoma of thyroid, presented with right pleural effusion which was positive for mesothelial cells and computed tomography of chest showed right pleural masses suspected for mesothelioma or metastatic papillary carcinoma, which turned out to be AMH on immunohistochemistry. Conclusion: AMH is rare benign manifestation which can be associated with underlying malignancy. Radioactive iodine therapy could be a possible cause. The radiological features of AMH resemble that of mesothelioma or metastatic carcinoma to pleura and immunohistochemistry is confirmatory.
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