Attitudes to Vietnamese/English language mixing in Australia

The primary goal of language teaching is to afford learners, proficiency in communicating in the target language, self-development as well as intercultural understanding of languages in the learning process. The teacher is therefore charged with the task of selecting appropriate strategies to effectively achieve his pedagogic goals, one of which is the use of Code switching and Code mixing. Traditionally, this strategy has been viewed negatively as signs of deficiencies in a speaker, though in a typical multilingual setting, speakers tend to select multiple codes or mix languages they consider appropriate to facilitate and clarify meanings in their language expressions. This study intends to project the socio- linguistic functions inherent in code switching and mixing that can help ESL students transcend from the known (L1) to the unknown (L2), especially in learning complex language contents; making the teacher’s work, productive and less strenuous. A quantitative methodology was adopted to ascertain the efficacy of code switching and mixing as a teaching strategy. The results revealed that Code switching and mixing have progressive and positive effects in language learning, both for the teacher and learners in the ESL situation.

Aims and objectives: What exactly happens to a mixed language’s system in a multilingual contact setting? This study aims to investigate the interactions between speakers’ exposure to, frequency of, and proficiency in four languages (English, Tagalog, Hokkien, and Mandarin) and their influences on the why-fronting only wh-question system of Lánnang-uè, a mixed language used by the metropolitan Manila Lannangs. It also aims to test the validity of the assertion that symbiotic mixed languages are more likely to be in flux. Methodology: The Lánnang-uè speakers participated in production and acceptability experiments. Data analysis: Likelihood to front (production) and responses to a 7-point Likert-type scale (acceptability) were the dependent variables for several Bayesian linear mixed-effects models with age, frequency of language use, and language proficiency as primary fixed effects, sociolinguistic factors (e.g., attitudes, identity) as covariates, and participant (and when appropriate, item) as a random effect. Findings: Both production and acceptability results showed that the effects of contact are numerous and far from homogeneous. They vary depending on the source language, wh-phrase type, and degree of consciousness. They corroborate the widely held belief that mixed languages are less stable in symbiotic contexts. However, this paper goes an extra step to show that this “instability” or variability is not always a consequence of contact-induced transfer. It demonstrates that when the source languages influence the stability or development of the mixed language, the effects can be diverse, encompassing aspects such as identity processes, language attitudes, structural transfer, and/or other sociolinguistic innovations. Originality: This article is one of the first studies to examine the effects of contact between multiple languages on a mixed language variable using both production and acceptability experimental data in a five-language context. It is one of the very few variationist works in the Philippines that considers the effects of multilingualism on variation and change.

Sociolinguistics explores the relationship between language and society, recognizing that individuals use different language styles when interacting with one another. Given the many variations in language use, people often mix languages in their speech—a phenomenon known as code mixing in sociolinguistics. Code mixing is a common practice in many communities, including among well-known public figures. One notable example is Atta Halilintar, a popular Indonesian YouTuber with the largest subscriber base in Southeast Asia. This study examines the occurrence of code mixing in videos from Atta Halilintar’s YouTube channel. The research aims to identify the types and levels of code-mixing present in his content. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method, with the researcher serving as the primary instrument. Data collection is conducted using a documentation method, and content analysis is applied to examine code mixing. The study categorizes code mixing types based on Hoffman’s classification and assesses the levels of code mixing according to Suwito’s framework. The frequency and distribution of code mixing are then analyzed using Sudjiono’s formula. The findings reveal a total of 34 instances of code mixing in the analyzed videos. Among the types of code mixing, intra-sentential code mixing is the most frequent, while changes in pronunciation are the least common. Regarding levels of code mixing, the dominant level is at the word level, whereas repetition words and idioms appear the least.

This study aims to investigate the use of language in the English Course at Halim Sanusi University. Besides. It explores students' perception of the tutor’s language in the English classroom at Halim Sanusi University. The method that was used in this study is a descriptive qualitative research method. The subjects were thirteen students of the English Course at Halim Sanusi University. To collect the data, this study used interviews and questionnaires using google form. The result showed the use of language in the English Course at Halim Sanusi was varied enough. Based on the students’ view, the tutor and students used English 35,07%, Indonesian 32,51%, used Sundanese language 8,46%, and mixed language 56,39%. Mix language here was code switching and code mixing. And based on students’ perception of the language use, several students preferred using Indonesian. They realized that the use of Indonesian in the classroom would make them easier to understand the material given. Several students preferred using English than Indonesian. They realized that the use of English in class would make them improve their proficiency in English. They adopted what they found from the teacher’s target language and become comfortable in using the target language too. Additionally, most students perceived that the tutor may mix English and Indonesian equally. They expected that both English and Indonesian are combined and used by the tutor in the classroom interaction. Thus, using English improved their comprehension, while Indonesian were easier for them to understand the materials.

Introduction One of the more important questions in the study of bilingualism is: to what extent are the bilinguals' two languages functionally independent and to what extent do they constitute a single functional system? Evidence of interaction between systems, namely from language mixing or code mixing, provides an important source of data on bilingual language processing. While such data can come from normal bilinguals as well as bilingual aphasics, language mixing in bilingual aphasia is presumed to offer a direct window on the mechanism of interaction between language systems and is therefore more valuable in modeling the neurolinguistic organization of two language systems with respect to one another. In this chapter I will outline a neurolinguistic model of language processing in the bilingual and then propose to account for language mixing in terms of the framework of this model. According to this framework, both languages are activated when a bilingual prepares to speak and the two language systems interact via links between corresponding stages along a processing continuum. The different manifestations of language mixing reflect the interaction of language systems at different levels of language processing. I will begin by reviewing the examples of language mixing in aphasia that have been reported in the literature. I will then discuss the relationship between language mixing in aphasia and language mixing in normals. In the final part of the chapter I will outline the model and show how various forms of language mixing may arise in terms of this model.

This research seeks to explore the phenomenon, types, and underlying reasons for the use of two languages (code mixing) within the "angry" community on Twitter. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach with a digital ethnography method, the study collects data through observation, interviews, and field notes. The primary data sources include five tweet threads that demonstrate the use of two languages, as well as interview responses from five community members to investigate their motivations for using code mixing on the platform. The analysis identified two types of intra-sentential code mixing: insertion (at the word level) and alternation (at the phrase level). Most instances involved the incorporation of English words or phrases within Indonesian sentences. Based on the interviews, three key reasons emerged for this code mixing: habitual use of both languages in daily life that extends into online communication, a tendency to imitate peers who mix languages, and the desire to practice and enhance their second language proficiency.

<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>In Pondok pesantren Darul Iman, students are required to communicate using the Arabic language, so researchers are interested in examining whether in Pondok pesantren Darul Iman, there is a mix of Arabic and mother tongue code which is the language they learned from birth, as well as to determine the factors and forms of mixed language code in conversation at pesantren Darul Iman, the method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. The results of this study showed that there is a mix of codes that occurs in the conversation of Islamic boarding school students. Darul Iman is divided into three formations, namely: (1) mix the code of Indonesian to Arabic, (2) mix the code of regional languages to Arabic. This study found the type of outer code mixing in the form of insertion and congruent lexicalization. The factors that cause language mixing in the conversation of students at Pondok pesantren Darul Iman are: (1) limitations in vocabulary, (2) background of speakers, (3) mixing codes occurs due to the situation, (4) speech partners with the same background, (5) speakers do not find the right word equivalent, (6) clarification and refinement of requests, (7) the habit of interacting using regional languages.</em></p>

Purpose this research to Describe the from of shift code and mixed code speaker Java language in the use of Indonesia language for class VIII students of SMP Land 5 one roof subdistrict Wasile the Halmahera East, Identifies the cause of the shift code and mixed code speaker Java language in the use of Indonesia language for class VIII students of SMP Land 5 one roof subdistrict Wasile the Halmahera East. This research descriptive qualitative method. Used data is the data primary and data secondary. The source of the data is 26 students that in the area language Java. Technique collection of used data is observations, the interview, and the rocording. Technique see (supervision), technique capable (interview). Technique analyses data used the descripsive qualitative (data reduction, exposure to data , and conclusion drawing and verification). Be based on data analyzing, obtained conclud that shift code and mixed code speaker Java language in the use of Indonesia language for class VIII students of SMP Land 5 one roof subdistrict Wasile the Halmahera East thare are 3 form of, is; (a) Shift code in the from of the word, phrase, and clause, (b) Mixed code in the from of the word, phrase, and clause. Shift code happened namely is from Indonesia language to deep Java language or reverse. Mixed code happened namely is mixed code in the Java language. The cause of the shift code speaker Java language in the use of Indonesia language for class VIII students of SMP Land 5 one roof subdistrict Wasile the Halmahera East that is; (1) Natural, (2) Influenced other people/opponents talk, (3) More comfortable Java language, (4) Not to familiarize yourself use the Indonesia lenguage a good and right, (5) A friend in the area Java language, (6) Changing the topic of conversation. The cause of the mixed code speaker Java language in the use of Indonesia language for class VIII students of SMP Land 5 one roof subdistrict Wasile the Halmahera East that is; (1) Natural, (2) Influenced other people/opponents talk, (3) More comfortable Java language, (4) Not to familiarize yourself use the Indonesia lenguage a good and right, (5) Another friend can’t speak Indonesia , (6) A friend in the area Java language.

This research is entitled "Mix Code in Tere Liye's Novel About You". The problems that will be discussed in this study are the types of code mixing, the origin (source) of code mixing, and the factors causing code mixing. The purpose of this study is to explain the types and factors of code mixing contained in Tere Liye's novel About You. The method used in this research is the referential method. This research uses sociolinguistic theory and bilingual theory. The results of this study reveal that in the novel About You, there are various types of code mixing, namely, the first type of code mixing based on mixed language, namely internal code mixing, external code mixing. The types of code mixing based on the linguistic level are divided into two types, namely the word level and the phrase level. Code mixing at the word level is divided into basic words, affixed words, compound words, and pronouns. Second, the origin (source) of inward code mixing comes from regional languages, and outward code mixing comes from foreign languages. Third, the factors causing code mixing are influenced by speaker factors; seen from the background of speakers, and language factors; seen from the limitations of the choice of words that are shorter, popular, and prestigious.

This study examines the phenomenon of code-mixing in language use in family interactions, both face-to-face and online, in Bandung. The study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection methods in the form of questionnaires distributed via WhatsApp messages and interviews. The results show that the dominant language used in family communication is a mixed language (Sundanese-Indonesian) with a percentage of 58.73%. The use of Indonesian is 26.19%, Sundanese is 15.08%, and English/foreign languages is only 0.57%. Mixed language is more widely used in daily communication, both within and outside the family. Code-mixing and code-switching are common phenomena in social interactions among multilingual communities in Bandung. In addition to the presence of virtual and face-to-face communication spaces that refer to language use, code-mixing and code-switching are also influenced by factors such as psychological, educational, and linguistic factors. This phenomenon not only reflects language habits but also the complexity of human interactions in multilingual societies.

This article aims to describe the form of Arabic code mixing by Korean pop fans on Tiktok comments column. All data presented is obtained from observations in Tiktok accounts linked to the author's personal account. The observation data is in the form of sentences that contain mixed codes that appear on short videos of Korean pop fans' accounts in the form of captions, comments and sentences in videos. The data collection method used in this study is an observation method with screen capture techniques and note-taking techniques. The findings of the data are then analyzed and presented with a qualitative description explanation. From the results of the study, it appears that the mixed code contained in the Arabic uploads of Korean pop fans on Tiktok accounts is a type of mixed foreign language code or mixed code outward (outer code mixing). Based on the results of the analysis, it shows that in Arabic uploads on TikTok accounts, the Korean Pop fans use a mixture of codes by inserting elements of English and Korean in their uploads. The use of mixed codes of English elements is most predominantly found. The meaning of the mixed code consists of a denotative meaning, namely the actual meaning and the connotative meaning that refers to the distinctive meaning prevailing in the Korean Pop fan community.

This article aims to describe the form of Arabic code mixing by Korean pop fans on Tiktok comments column. All data presented is obtained from observations in Tiktok accounts linked to the author's personal account. The observation data is in the form of sentences that contain mixed codes that appear on short videos of Korean pop fans' accounts in the form of captions, comments and sentences in videos. The data collection method used in this study is an observation method with screen capture techniques and note-taking techniques. The findings of the data are then analyzed and presented with a qualitative description explanation. From the results of the study, it appears that the mixed code contained in the Arabic uploads of Korean pop fans on Tiktok accounts is a type of mixed foreign language code or mixed code outward (outer code mixing). Based on the results of the analysis, it shows that in Arabic uploads on TikTok accounts, the Korean Pop fans use a mixture of codes by inserting elements of English and Korean in their uploads. The use of mixed codes of English elements is most predominantly found. The meaning of the mixed code consists of a denotative meaning, namely the actual meaning and the connotative meaning that refers to the distinctive meaning prevailing in the Korean Pop fan community.

Code switching typology completed in 1998 and partially revisited in 2013 (Auer 1998; 2013) is discussed and applied in the analysis of Russian speakers living in Finland and of Nganasan speakers living on the Taimyr Peninsula, Russian Federation. According to the code-switching typology, there are broadly seen three stages of codeswitching: code switching proper (I), code mixing (II) and mixed language (III). They form a one-directional continuum in language-contact situations, so that the direction from the first stage towards the third one cannot be reversed and, on the other hand, there is no clear boundary between the two consecutive stages. Both Finno-Russians and Nganasans use the other language in the interaction. Finno-Russians use Finnish in their Russian speech and Nganasans use Russian in their Nganasan-language interaction. All in all, language alternation of both groups varies between code-switching and code-mixing. Short and phono-morphologically integrated passages in the other language usually do not include interaction or narrative relevant meaning. Code-switched excerpts meaningful from the narrative or interaction viewpoint are longer and form the other-language islands. The status of the languages in society and the interaction type construct, respectively, macro- and micro-frameworks for language choice and the possibility of language alternation.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the forms of code switching and code mixing in TikTok social media account comments, analyze the forms of slang in TikTok social media account comments, analyze the implications of code switching and code mixing for Indonesian language learning. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. The data studied in this research consists of TikTok social media user comments that contain code switching, code mixing, and slang. The object of this research is TikTok social media comments. Meanwhile, the subjects of this research are code switching, code mixing, and slang. The data collection techniques used in this research are content analysis and documentation. The steps taken to collect data are as follows; 1). Read carefully the comments of tiktok social media users, 2) identify and record comment quotes, 3) classify the data that has been identified in groups of code switching, mixing, code and slang. In addition to taking notes, researchers also conduct documentation by screenshotting the data that has been found. The data analysis technique in this research uses descriptive qualitative. The results of data analysis are presented in the form of narrative descriptions and explanations regarding code switching, code mixing, and slang under study. In this study researchers used 20 data that had been analyzed, of these 20 data divided into 10 data were the use of code switching and code mixing and 10 data were the use of slang language in the TikTok social media comment column.

A typology is developed that systematizes the various linguistic phenomena in Ukraine that are commonly referred to as surzhyk—a Ukrainian term meaning `impure, mixed language'. The term surzhyk has become frequently used in public discourse and the media since Ukrainian was elevated to the status of official state language and Ukraine declared its independence. A heightened purist ideology has led to broad use of the term, which tends to have pejorative connotations. The typology is based on the historical, social, and ideological factors that have shaped language use. Five major categories of surzhyk are defined: (1) urbanized peasant surzhyk, (2) village dialect-surzhyk, (3) Sovietized-Ukrainian surzhyk, (4) urban bilinguals' surzhyk, and (5) post-independence surzhyk. These five prototypes are further characterized according to the typology of bilingualism proposed by Auer (1999), by considering the degree of pragmatic salience and the grammaticalization of language alternation. This case study presents a paradigm for the analysis of mixed languages.