Atrichodermones A–C, three new secondary metabolites from the solid culture of an endophytic fungal strain, Trichoderma atroviride

Abstract

An endophytic fungal strain named Trichoderma atroviride was isolated from the bulb of Lycoris radiata. Following cultivation on rice medium, a novel 3-amino-5-hydroxy-5-vinyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one dimer, atrichodermone A (1), a new cyclopentenone derivative, atrichodermone B (2), and a new sesquiterpene, atrichodermone C (3), together with three known cyclopentenone derivatives (4–6) were isolated. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic (UV, IR, ECD, HRESIMS, and NMR) data analyses, and absolute configurations of the new compounds were determined by comparing their experimental ECD spectra with structurally similar compounds and computational analyses of their electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Compounds 1–3 were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against HL60 and U937 cell lines, as well as anti-inflammatory effect against the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β.