Atopic dermatitis is a serious health problem in Poland. Epidemiology studies based on the ECAP study.

Abstract

IntroductionGlobal epidemiological studies have revealed considerable geographical differences in prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD).AimTo present the epidemiology of AD, risk factors and co-occurrence of allergic diseases in the Polish population.Material and methodsThe present paper is a part of the Epidemiology of Allergic Disorders in Poland study. We studied 22 703 participants by ECRHS/ISAAC questionnaire; 18 617 (53.8% female, 24.2% 6–7 y.o., 25.4% 13–14 y.o., 50.4% 20–44 y.o.) completed questionnaires were accepted. Four thousand seven hundred and eighty-three participants (25.7%) have undergone a medical examination.ResultsAtopic dermatitis was diagnosed in 3.91% (6–7 y.o. 5.34%, 13–14 y.o. 4.3%, adults 3.02%), more often in females (OR = 1.52; 95% CI: 0.56–0.77), in the cities (OR = 2.23; 95% CI: 1.61–3.09), in mothers (OR = 2.07; 95% CI: 1.72–2.48) and fathers (OR = 2.00; 95% CI: 1.61–2.49) with atopy, higher education (OR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.11–2.32) and economic status (OR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.04–1.74). The highest prevalence was found in Katowice (4.89%) and lowest in rural areas (1.9%). Coexisting AD and allergic rhinitis (AR) was found in 26.17%, AR and asthma in 9.09% and AD, AR and asthma in 14.6%. Atopic dermatitis was diagnosed by allergologists in 6.5% (6–7 y.o. 8.7%, 13–14 y.o. 9.0%, adults 3.6%). Most diagnoses were made in Poznan (16.76%) and smallest in rural area (3.67%). 78.8% of subjects were diagnosed with AD for the first time although they had earlier experienced its symptoms.ConclusionsAtopic dermatitis prevalence in Poland is below the mean rate for Europe, but the risk factor profile is similar to other countries. Atopic dermatitis is more frequent in well-educated females with atopic parents and high socioeconomic status and who live in a city.