Abstract
We propose an integrated path differential absorption (IPDA) lidar system based on a hybrid master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) and single photon counting detection for column-averaged measurements of atmospheric CO $_2$ . The random modulated continuous wave (RM-CW) approach has been selected as the best suited to the average output power obtained from hybrid and monolithically integrated MOPAs. A compact RM-CW IPDA lidar instrument has been designed and fabricated. High-sensitivity and low-noise single photon counting has been used for the receiver. Colocated 2-km horizontal trial path experiments with a pulsed system and in situ measurements were performed for comparison. The RM-CW IPDA lidar instrument shows a relative accuracy of the order of about $\pm$ 10% or $\pm$ 40 parts per million CO $_2$ concentration in absolute terms. The measurements qualitatively demonstrate the feasibility of CO $_2$ IPDA measurements with an RM-CW system.
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