Atlantic Studies: Global Currents 2025 Early Career Essay Prize

Background: There is a well-established relationship between volume and outcomes among TAVR operators. However, there is little data about the association of years of experience of a TAVR operator and outcomes. Methods: Using data from the TVT Registry between 2011-2024, we examined the career stage of TAVR operators (including interventional cardiologists and cardiothoracic surgeons) using TVT NPI data and the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) database to determine date of independent practice. We examined the association between years in practice and 30-day outcomes (mortality and composite outcome of death, stroke, major bleeding, stage III AKI and PVL). We excluded operators with missing NPI numbers, and operators who had performed <10 TAVRs. An early career TAVR operator was defined as an operator within the first 5 years of independent practice. We performed a sensitivity analysis where the early career operator cut-off wasa 10 years in practice. Results: During the study period, there were 3,126 TAVR operators at 847 sites treating 634,723 patients undergoing TAVR. Depending on year of the study, between 12-24% of TAVR patients were treated by early career operators. The median age of patients treated by early vs. non-early career were both 80 years, and patients cared for by early career were more likely on home oxygen and less likely elective (all p<0.001). The median operator annual volume by years in practice rose from years 1-4 in practice, and then remained nearly constant at 18 TAVRs/year ( Figure 1a ). The median STS risk score did not change by years of independent practice (constant at 4%), Figure 1b . The rates of 30-day death for early career were 2.4% and for non-early career were 2.5% (risk ratio 0.95, 95% CI 0.90-0.99, p=0.018). The rates of the 30-day composite outcome were 11.1% for early career and 11.9% for non-early career (risk ratio 0.93, 95% 0.91-0.95, p<0.001. The same trends occurred when the early career cut-off occurred at 10 years. Conclusions: Median annual number of TAVRs performed by U.S. operators remains low overall. Early career TAVR operators were more likely to perform non-elective cases and to care for patients with more comorbidities. Despite this, early career operators had lower rates of 30-day mortality and composite outcomes.

Spotlight on the Youth and Early Career Special Interest Group

Hypertension Section Editors Series: Early Career Introduction and Update.

The importance of role models, and their differing influence in early, mid- and late careers, has been identified in the process of professional development of medical doctors. There is a paucity of evidence within dentistry on role models and their attributes. To explore the views of early career dentists on positive and negative role models across key phases of professional development, together with role models' attributes and perceived influence. This is a phenomenological study collecting qualitative data through semi-structured interviews based on a topic guide. Dentists in junior (core training) hospital posts in one academic health science centre were all invited to participate. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using framework analysis. Twelve early career stage dentists, 10 of whom were female, reported having role models, mainly positive, in their undergraduate and early career phases. Participants defined role models' attributes in relation to three distinct domains: clinical attributes, personal qualities and teaching skills. Positive role models were described as "prioritising the patient's best interests", "delivering learner-centred teaching and training" and "exhibiting a positive personality", whilst negative role models demonstrated the converse. Early career dentists reported having largely positive dentist role models during- and post-dental school and report their impact on professional values and aspirations, learning outcomes and career choice. The findings suggest that these early career dentists in junior hospital posts have largely experienced and benefitted from positive role models, notably dentists, perceived as playing an important and creative influence promoting professionalism and shaping the career choices of early career stage dentists.

This article examines the pathway of those pursuing early careers in the cardiovascular sciences, both past and present, highlighting new challenges and the roadblocks they present. This article emphasizes the need for multitasking in today’s academic environment and provides information about career training opportunities offered by the American Heart Association. During the past 10 years in academia, we have heard terms like early career and early-stage investigator with increasing frequency. During my doctoral work and postdoctoral training in the early 2000s, career stage, or status, was less concerning to bench scientists. Now, however, the scientific community has come to the consensus that systematic training is integral to doctoral and postdoctoral studies, as students and fellows try to balance the requirements of their discipline with the exigencies of modern-day scientific professionalism. According to the National Institutes of Health, an early-stage investigator is defined as “those who are within 10 years of completing his/her terminal research degree or … within 10 years of completing medical residency (or the equivalent).” After the introduction of policies designed to assist early-stage investigators who are competing for funding with more established investigators, the number of competing R01 awards offered to those meeting that definition has steadily increased. In addition, special scoring consideration has been afforded to this group, along with enhanced emphasis on their proposed research projects. In fact, discussions geared toward supporting early-career researchers are hinting that steps should be taken to reduce the amount of time trainees spend in graduate school and postdoctoral training. As Chair of the Basic Cardiovascular Sciences Early Career Committee, I am privileged to write this article about the extensive training opportunities provided to early careerists by the American Heart Association (AHA). Early careerists are the innovators who will bring new ideas and technologies to the fight against cardiovascular disease. …

A prospective cohort study of intraoperative parathyroid gland management by early and advanced career surgeons based on viability assessment by visual perception and indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging.

Bridging the Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Gap in Gastroenterology

The Europlanet Early Career (EPEC) Network: Building a Community to Support Junior Researchers

Navigating Early Careers in Heart Failure in the Era of Novel Coronavirus Disease-2019

Using German linked employer-employee data this paper investigates the gender wage gap at the time of entering the labour market and its development during workers’ early career. The analysis contributes to the existing research on gender wage differentials among young workers by providing evidence on the impact of women’s disproportionate concentration in lower-paying industries, occupations, establishments and job-cells, i.e. occupations within establishments. The estimation results reveal that all types of segregation and particularly job-cell segregation are significant determinants of the gender wage gap, while skill endowments and differences in work histories are found to be of minor importance. At the time of labour market entry women’s wage disadvantages can almost entirely be explained by the fact that they start their working career in lower-paying occupations and establishments. With progressing labour market experience, however, gender segregation becomes less important and cannot fully account for a slight widening of the wage differential among young men and women. Therefore, part of the early career wage gap remains unexplained.

Critical consciousness development for teachers of multilingual learners: A cultural/linguistic immersion program shaping early teaching careers

Message from the President: First Message to Members with Some Thoughts on Graduate Student and Early Career Scientist Professional Development

This article reports perceptions of what constitutes the early career stage by newer educational developers in contrast with those experienced in the field. We collected participants’ thoughts about what constitutes early career for educational developers using an online survey, and qualitative responses were analyzed using thematic analysis (per Braun & Clarke, 2006). Aligning with Super’s (1990) lifespan career development model, this exploratory research suggests there is no single, universal definition of what it means to be an early career professional in this field, and our research suggests that self-concept is crucial in determining means to be an early career professional in this field. Further, there is a distinction between being new to the field of educational development and being ‘early career’ in a broader sense; the research findings suggest that those who come to educational development as a second or third career understand the notion of ‘early career’ differently than those for whom educational development is a first career. We discuss key themes that emerged around how participants constituted the notion of ‘early career’ and offer some common vocabulary to identify and discuss experiences of early career professionals in educational development. This research may provide new opportunities for supporting onboarding and community building, and raises areas for further exploration.

The book’s introduction discusses both the content of the entire book—the individual chapters—and the early professional career of Sarah B. Pomeroy, who serves as the book’s inspiration. Pomeroy helped to establish the field of the study of women in Greece and Rome with her groundbreaking book, Goddesses, Whores, Wives, and Slaves. Discrimination against women (challenged in the Melani legal case against CUNY), including professional consequences for being pregnant, made Pomeroy’s early career at Hunter College a challenge. The introduction reflects on Pomeroy’s use of the term “conceive” in Goddesses for her intellectual work and connects that with the conception of pregnancy that impacted her early career. The interdisciplinarity Pomeroy championed in the field of women in antiquity is showcased in the individual chapters of the book, which are briefly summarized.

Reviewed by: The Letters of John McGahern ed. by Frank Shovlin Yen-Chi Wu The Letters of John McGahern, edited by Frank Shovlin (London: Faber and Faber, 2021, 880 p., hardcover, $40) In the 2005 documentary A Private World, John McGahern is seen in his Leitrim farmhouse, walking around the neighborhood with his dog, and reading books in his humble study room. These images seem to confirm a common perception of McGahern as a rural Irish writer, a wordsmith disengaged from the Dublin literary establishment. In his early career, when the controversy surrounding the banning of his second novel, The Dark (1965), placed him in the limelight, the young writer kept a low profile. In his later career, when the success of Amongst Women (1990) attracted renewed public attention, the mature writer stayed mostly at his country homestead, keeping publicity activities to a minimum. Partly because of his reticence, much of McGahern's life—private and professional—remained undisclosed. In this regard, The Letters of John McGahern, edited with admirable professionalism by Frank Shovlin, is an important contribution to McGahern scholarship, painting a fuller picture of McGahern as a literary man and a professional writer. The subjects of McGahern's literary relationships and biographical stories have attracted much critical attention, but most scholars focus on the writer's early career. John Killen's edited work, Dear Mr McLaverty (2006), is the first collection of McGahern's letters. While it gives us a glimpse of McGahern's epistolary style, it is restricted in scope, collecting only his correspondences with fellow writer Michael McLaverty. Similarly, Denis Sampson's Young John McGahern: Becoming a Novelist (2012) centers around the formative years of McGahern's writing career. Sampson's short biography shows us that McGahern was uninterested in the literary scenes of Dublin's Grafton Street—which he later dubbed "the Dublin pub crowd"—dominated by big personalities such as Patrick Kavanagh; nor was he comfortable in Mary Lavin's literary salon, which McLaverty encouraged him to attend. Reading Sampson's account, one is left with the [End Page 137] impression that McGahern was an outlier. McGahern's Memoir (2005)—published in the United States as All Will Be Well—does little to rectify this view of him as a lone writer. The memoir is more about his parents than himself. Most of his adult life, especially his later career, is skimped in the end. The Letters of John McGahern is thus a significant contribution: it places McGahern front and center, while the figures of his parents retreat to the background and his early and later careers receive equal attention. Among its achievements, the book complicates the common perception of McGahern as a recluse by showing the networks that he built around himself; it also shows a professional writer at work from the mid- to late twentieth century. In the introduction, Shovlin writes: "contrary to certain received views of him as an isolated gentleman farmer," McGahern "travelled a good deal and lived at many addresses in Ireland, England, the United States and France." McGahern's second wife, Madeline, is an American immigrant, and she owns properties in Paris. The couple vacationed in France regularly. Moreover, many of these relocations were facilitated by university fellowships. McGahern was a visiting fellow or writer-in-residence at numerous institutions outside Ireland, including Colgate University (where he returned more than once), University of Reading, Durham University, Newcastle University, and University of Victoria in Canada, among others. He formed good relationships with his colleagues in these institutes. Through their correspondences, we see McGahern working as a professional writer, engaged in literary events, giving lectures, and doing the odd editorial work. For instance, he proposed to edit a collection of Irish prose writings for Faber, which did not come to fruition; he also championed literary works that he admired—under his recommendation, Vintage reissued American author John Williams's Stoner (1965), which became a publishing sensation. McGahern might have kept his distance from the Dublin literary circle, but he was certainly not an isolated gentleman farmer; he had established himself in a global literary network. Similarly, although he shunned the big personalities in Dublin's literary pubs, he maintained good...