Abstract
In this study an analysis of the water supply variability for three towns in Puglia (Southern Italy), Roccaforzata, Palagianello and Palagiano, was carried out, based on time series continuously recorded over two years. The towns’ population ranges between 1800 and 16,000 inhabitants and the flow data, collected with time steps of 10 min, are referred to drinking water in an urban environment. The frequency analysis was conducted on the hourly and instantaneous peak factors and confirmed that the Gumbel distribution is able to represent the stochastic behavior of the peak water demand. A physically based formulation of the distribution parameters was exploited in order to investigate the regional distribution of the peak factor for towns with a different population.
Highlights
Water demand is the driving force for water distribution networks (WDNs) operation and its correct assessment is an essential and crucial task in the context of their design [1]
Apart from empirical evidence, in this context Zhang et al [22], developed a theoretical reliabilitymethodology for the estimation of an instantaneous peak factor (Cpi ) for residential water use, using based methodology for the estimation of an instantaneous peak factor (Cpi) for residential water use, a probabilistic approach based on the Poisson Rectangular Pulse (PRP) representation, leading to using a probabilistic approach based on the Poisson Rectangular Pulse (PRP) representation, leading an extreme value distribution of the Gumbel type
In the last few decades, the improvement of living conditions and the large infrastructure investments of industrialized countries has led to a significant increase in water consumption; in particular due to the growth of population, increasing energy demand
Summary
Water demand is the driving force for water distribution networks (WDNs) operation and its correct assessment is an essential and crucial task in the context of their design [1]. The scientific literature [12,19,20,21] shows that the marginal distribution of peak factor data may be satisfactorily represented by a Log-Normal, a Gumbel or a Log-Logistic distribution, all laws that are usually adopted to describe extreme events and which well-fit the recorded time series of water maximum demands Starting from these considerations and given the availability of randomly (not continuously) sampled flow data at aggregation intervals of 3, 5, and 10 min for about 150 municipalities in Puglia, Balacco et al [15] have defined a regional relationship between a fixed peak coefficient quantile and population. In this framework the continuously recorded time series of three towns in Puglia (Southern Italy), Roccaforzata, Palagianello and Palagiano, with population ranging between 1800 and 16,000 where exploited to verify the fit of a Gumbel distribution to recorded data and to check the validity of the regional relationship derived from the pulse based representation of the water use process
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