Abstract
In the recent past, the wireless technology has grown at a very rapid pace and it has brought a revolution in the field of communication. WSNs are of great importance in building the smart devices and intelligent applications such as smart homes, military surveillance applications, target tracking and structural health monitoring etc. One of the major hardware limitations is limited energy of sensor nodes which has motivated researchers to emphasize on energy efficient communication and this in turn has given a lot of stimulus for the research of energy efficient protocols for MAC and network layer. Further, the cross-layer optimizations have a major impact on network performance metrics like increased energy efficiency, enhanced reliability, reduced delay and increased security as well. In this paper, various energy efficient asynchronous MAC, MIMO-MAC layer routing protocols, analysis, cross layer optimization have been discussed.
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