Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We aimed to determine the associations of urinary carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) and methylglyoxal-hydroimidazolone (MG-H1) levels with cardiometabolic parameters in metabolically healthy obese women. Anthropometric, glycemic, cardiovascular, and urinary AGE parameters were measured in 58 metabolically healthy obese women (age: 39.98 ± 8.72 years; body mass index (BMI): 32.29 ± 4.05 kg/m2). Urinary CML levels were positively associated with BMI (r = 0.29, p = 0.02). After adjustment for age and BMI, there was a trend for positive associations between urinary CML levels and fasting (p = 0.06) and 2 h insulin (p = 0.05) levels, and insulin resistance measured by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.06). Urinary MG-H1 levels were positively associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, mean arterial pressure, and total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol after adjustment for age, BMI, and HOMA-IR (all p ˂ 0.05). There were no associations between urinary CML levels and cardiovascular parameters, and between urinary MG-H1 levels and glycemic measurements. Our data support a role of urinary AGEs in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease; however, future studies are highly warranted.
Highlights
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are formed when proteins or lipids become non-enzymatically glycated after exposure to sugars [1]
We investigated the associations between urinary AGE levels and cardiometabolic parameters in obese, but metabolically healthy Caucasian women
We found that urinary CML levels were positively associated with obesity and markers of insulin resistance such as fasting and 2 h insulin levels and HOMA-IR, while urinary MG-H1 levels were associated with cardiovascular parameters including systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, mean arterial pressure, and total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol
Summary
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are formed when proteins or lipids become non-enzymatically glycated after exposure to sugars [1]. One study reported positive associations between urinary AGE levels and anthropometric and metabolic parameters in healthy individuals and patients with metabolic syndrome [6], while other studies in individuals with and without T2DM did not [7,8]. These studies reported either total urinary AGEs or CML levels [6,7,8], and no studies have far investigated the associations between urinary MG-H1 levels and cardiometabolic parameters. The hypothesis of the present study was to determine whether urinary CML and MG-H1 levels were associated with cardiometabolic parameters in metabolically healthy obese women
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