Abstract
Swine wastewater (SW) has high organic load, becoming an important source of macro and micronutrients to plants, promoting the improvement of soil quality and development in various cultures. However, when done without agronomic and environmental criteria, it can cause soil problems, nutrient leaching, water resource damage and plant toxicity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the soil chemical properties and the leachate in face of the association of swine wastewater and mineral fertilization (MF) in oat cultivation. An experiment in drainage lysimeter was carried out, using SW applications associated to MF or not, where treatments consisted of doses of 0, 100, 200 and 300 m3ha-1 with the absence or presence of MF, under field conditions. We concluded that swine wastewater provided significant increases in sodium, copper, zinc, and nitrite + nitrate as well as pH and calcium reductions in the soil; and in the leachate, significant increase in sodium. Moreover, the use of mineral fertilizer comprising nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium induced a significant increase in phosphorus, potassium and electrical conductivity and a significant reduction in magnesium in the soil; however, in the leachate, electrical conductivity was increased.
Highlights
Pig farming is a key activity in rural areas of southern Brazil
Southern Brazil accounted for 64.0% of the national pig slaughtering, followed by Southeastern (17.8%), Center-Western (16.1%), Northeastern (1.2%) and Northern (0.1%) (IBGE, 2013)
The mineral fertilizer applied was composed of NPK, while in contact with the soil these salts are made available, which explains the presence of P, K, and CE in greater quantities when the mineral fertilization (MF) was present and smaller when it was absent
Summary
Pig farming is a key activity in rural areas of southern Brazil. In 2012, the national slaughter was over 36 million heads. Southern Brazil accounted for 64.0% of the national pig slaughtering, followed by Southeastern (17.8%), Center-Western (16.1%), Northeastern (1.2%) and Northern (0.1%) (IBGE, 2013). Even its association with mineral fertilization, are economically viable alternatives for most farmers. In addition to promoting the improvement of soil quality, they are important sources of macro and micronutrients to plants (STEINER et al, 2011). With the expressive pollutant charge in swine wastewater (SW), there is the concern that it will be carefully managed so as not to cause negative environmental impacts, such as eutrophication of water sources and contamination by metals which are often added to the pigs’ diets (FEY et al, 2010)
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