Association of RETN − 420 C/G Genotypes with CRP, Brain Edema, GCS, and GOS Among Patients with Traumatic Cerebral Hemorrhagic Contusion

Abstract

Background: Traumatic cerebral hemorrhage is a common type of traumatic brain injury. This medical condition exists in two phases: primary, which occurs at the time of trauma, and secondary, which occurs later as a result of multiple biochemical, metabolic, and inflammatory changes that develop over time. The secondary injury is mainly irreversible and worsens the primary injury. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in RETN gene − 420 C/G is involved in the secondary injury by enhancing the inflammatory process. This study aims to find out the association of − 420 C/G RETN genotypes with C-reactive protein (CRP), brain edema, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) among traumatic cerebral hemorrhagic contusions. Methods: Ninety patients with traumatic cerebral hemorrhagic contusion were enrolled in this study. Patients with hemorrhagic contusion associated with other types of brain bleeding and those with chronic diseases were excluded. GCS score was assessed upon admission and GOS was assessed upon discharge. CRP level was measured in serum by a Nyco-Card Reader II system. RETN genotypes were defined by using PCR-RFLP. Results: Ninety patients were included, 93.3% were males, and 78.9% of the patients were below 44 years old. The most common mechanism of trauma was RTA constituting 68.9%. The RETN genotypes were 25.6%, 41.1%, and 33.3% for CC, GG, and CG, respectively. G mutant allele was significantly associated with brain edema (P = 0.019) but not significantly associated with CRP, GCS, and GOS. Conclusions: SNP in RETN − 420 C/G gene was significantly associated with brain edema (P = 0.019).