Association of leptin with anthropometric indexes, dyslipidemia and carbohydrate metabolism in Kazakh adults

Abstract

Leptin plays an important role in eating behavior, the central action of this hormone is the regulation of appetite and energy expenditure. Anthroponutritiology as a new scientific direction uses the methods of medical anthropology and nutritional science. The study of the relationship between the regulation of energy metabolism, taking into account constitutional features, and anthropometric parameters provides relevance in this direction. The purpose of the research was to study of the relationship between blood serum leptin level and body mass index (BMI) and indicators of lipid profile, carbohydrate metabolism in adult Kazakh population. Material and methods. The sample of the prospective study was 109 persons aged 18-60 years, who were divided depending on BMI into 5 groups, randomized by age and sex. We measured anthropometric parameters and biochemical parameters: serum leptin concentration, fasting blood glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, HOMA-IR, lipid profile (concentration of cholesterol, low and high density lipoproteins, triglycerides, atherogenic index). Results. In the sample studied, we found that in Kazakh adults, serum leptin level correlated with BMI (ρ=0.57; p<0.01). The highest values were observed at a BMI greater than 40 kg/m2, amounting to 54.9 [33.3; 78.4] vs 10.0 [4.8; 23.1] ng/ml in overweight individuals (p=<0.005). In women, leptin levels were almost 2-fold higher than in men (24.2 vs 12.9 ng/ml, p=<0.001). No significant correlations of leptin level with age and lipid profile have been found. There was a positive association of leptin with insulin (ρ=0.28, p<0.01) and the HOMA-IR (ρ=0.21, p<0.05). Conclusion. The study showed that leptin blood level is associated with constitutional features, the highest values were found in persons with a high degree of obesity. Perhaps this result is associated with leptin resistance. Diagnostic criteria of leptin resistance are currently poorly studied. Taking into consideration clinical and specific actions of leptin there is a place for its further study as a potential biomarker of obesity.