Abstract
Background: A common 2548G/A promoter variant of the human leptin gene has been implicated in circulating leptin levels variations and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus but available data are still conflicting. Objective: To explore potential associations between LEP 2548G/A of leptin with T2DM and the effect of this variation on serum leptin levels. Patients and Methods: Sixty two patients with T2DM and fifty non-diabetic controls were included in the study. Blood samples were collected from subjects for biochemical analysis and Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: The genotype frequencies for LEP 2548G/G, LEP 2548G/A LEP 2548A/A were 46%, 32% and 22% in control group, and 19.4%, 33.9% and 46.7% in diabetic group, respectively. The A allele and GA/AA genotype of LEP 2548G/A was found to be more frequent than the G allele and GG genotype in T2DM patients compares to the controls. Subjects with the GA + AA genotype of LEP 2548G/A were at increased risk for T2DM (P=0.0001, OR = 1.78; 95% CI: 1.19–2.38). The serum leptin concentration of GA + AA genotype carriers was significantly higher from that of the GG genotype in the diabetic group. Conclusion: A allele carrier who have higher serum concentrations of leptin may have an association with the risk of T2DM development in the Erbi population.
Highlights
Leptin is a metabolic and neuroendocrine promoter (LEP) is present on 7q31.3 hormone encoded by the obese gene that is chromosomal region and comprises three synthesized and released mainly by exons intervened by two introns [3]
Table (2) shows that diabetic group had a the results showed that the diabetic group had statistically significant lower distribution of a statistically higher distribution of A allele the GG genotype than the control group frequency than the control group
The existence of polymorphisms in the promoter region of the human leptin gene has recently been associated with variations in circulating leptin levels, obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [20-21] among the variants identified in the 5 ′ -flanking region of the leptin gene, the LEP –2548 G/A polymorphism is the most greatly studied one but available data are still conflicting and studies had less power to provide us with dependable and comprehensive results due to varying sample size, ethnic differences, age, gender and different statistical procedure applied to investigate the relationships, we investigated whether LEP 2548G/A polymorphisms and leptin serum levels are predictors for T2DM
Summary
Leptin is a metabolic and neuroendocrine promoter (LEP) is present on 7q31.3 hormone encoded by the obese gene that is chromosomal region and comprises three synthesized and released mainly by exons intervened by two introns [3]. The polymorphism LEP 2548G/A in the 5′ untranslated region of the leptin gene has been described in detail in a number of studies, and believed that this variant may directly affect transcriptional level by the adipose tissue and potentially related to the pathophysiology of diabetes, and associated complications [5,6,7]. The aim of our study was to reveal any possible associations of LEP (2548G/A) gene with T2DM and selected serum biochemical parameters in Kurdish volunteers, such data is missing in mentioned populations. A common 2548G/A promoter variant of the human leptin gene has been implicated in circulating leptin levels variations and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus but available data are still conflicting. Conclusion: A allele carrier who have higher serum concentrations of leptin may have an association with the risk of T2DM development in the Erbi population.
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