Association of Insulin Resistance With Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality in Type 1 Diabetes: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Abstract

The association of insulin resistance (IR) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains unclear. To investigate whether IR is associated with CVD and all-cause mortality among individuals with T1D. PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception to 31 October 2023. Observational studies reporting the associations between IR, as calculated by the estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR), and the risk of CVD and all-cause mortality in individuals with T1D were eligible for inclusion. Data from eight selected studies were extracted, pooled by random-effects models, and results are presented as hazard ratios (95% CIs). Eight studies involving 21,930 individuals were included, of which five studies involving 19,960 individuals with T1D reported the risk of CVD. During a median follow-up of 10 years, there were 2,149 cases of incident CVD. The pooled hazard ratio for composite CVD outcome per 1-unit increase in the eGDR index was 0.83 (95% CI 0.78-0.90, I2 = 58.9%). Five studies involving 19,403 individuals reported the risk of all-cause mortality. During a median follow-up of 10 years, 1,279 deaths were observed. The pooled hazard ratio for all-cause mortality per 1-unit increase in the eGDR index was 0.84 (95% CI 0.81-0.87, I2 = 0%). The small number of available studies restricted our ability to perform meta-regression analyses or more detailed subgroup analyses. IR, as calculated by the eGDR, may be an additional risk factor for CVD and all-cause mortality in T1D.