Abstract
BackgroundCoronary artery disease (CAD) is a dilemma and a serious cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Since CAD has been seen in people without the conventional risk factors like smoking, diabetes, and hypertension, the infectious theory being a risk factor has arisen.Main bodyHelicobacter pylori (HP) infection is the most common infection affecting the vast majority of the population worldwide. HP grows in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and responsible for chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma, and gastric lymphoma. A review of medical literature mainly PubMed has revealed several studies reporting that HP pathogenesis extends beyond the GIT to be a predisposing factor for atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia, thrombosis, and CAD. However, it remains a controversial issue that warrants extensive research.ConclusionThis article gives insight into the diversity of opinions, evidence, and theories regarding the association between HP infection and CAD. The idea that CAD may be managed with antibiotics in certain patients seems to be creative and inspiring. More research is mandatory to either verify or reject this proposed correlation with strong scientific evidence and also to demonstrate the implications of the results on CAD management and outcome.
Highlights
The association between Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis is a serious healthcare issue that is precedent to other major health problems like Coronary artery disease (CAD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), peripheral vascular disease (PVD), or even death
A meta-analysis of 26 studies involving more than 20,000 participants found that HP infection increases the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) even in young people [38]
Another large casecontrol study detected a high prevalence of HP infection (42% vs. 24%, OR = 1.75) in young patients after earlyonset acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in 1122 survivors; in addition to finding that was MI was twice as common in individuals seropositive for HP as in those seronegative [39]
Summary
HP infection and CAD have used to be a controversial link and a mystery that has baffled many researchers for years. Other data reported that this association is coincidental. Comprehensive, and high-quality studies are required to investigate this association thoroughly and reach a definitive decision based on the previously discussed considerations and extend beyond that as well. In case of being proved as significant correlation, the eradication of this infection followed by its reassessment in patients after eradication can clarify the role of this organism in such pathogeneses. This will help to save the lives of many CAD patients and improve their quality of life by just managing HP infection, in addition to its strong positive socioeconomic impact all over the world
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